Singapore Fruits Special FDC

Singapore Special FDC
Name: Fruits (Singapore – Vietnam Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 18 November 2008

In Asia, one can find a wide variety of fruits. Fruits, from the tropics to those found in temperate countries, are all easily available from the supermarkets and wet markets.

In this joint stamp issue with Vietnam, the very well-known King of Fruits, Durian and its equal, whose flower, named Queen of the Night, grows into the fruit people know as Dragonfruit are featured.

Denominations:
65c: Dragonfruit
Dragonfruit, an oval pink fruit covered with large rubbery spurs, is a tropical fruit equally popular, with a completely contrasting taste as to the durian. It is sometimes likened to that of the kiwifruit due to a prevalence of sesame seed-sized black crunchy seeds found in the flesh of the fruit. The Dragonfruit is said to have loads of vitamin C and can aid in digestion. Vietnam is known to be the main commercial producer in the region.

$1.10: Durian
Large, oval and thorny, the Durian is the region's most infamous fruit. It is renowned for its strong smell – a scent heavenly to those who love it, but a terrible stench for those not used to its pungent aroma. In the past, the peak season for durian and with truckloads of the spiky fruit rolling in from the Causeway and as far as Thailand occurs usually between the months of June and August. However, now, one can easily find the King of Fruits almost at any parts of the year. Variety range from Mao Shan Wang, D24, XO, Golden Phoenix etc…excites all the durian lovers who will scramble to Sims Avenue, Balestier Road, Joo Chiat Place and Yio Chu Kang Road etc.

Comment: This is the first time that I have received a joint issue's FDC like this. You can see both countries' stamps on this FDC. Vietnamese stamps' size is bigger than Singaporean's, but I think the Singaporean stamps are more colorful than Vietnamese. How about your opinion?

Singapore Fruits Minisheet FDC

Singapore Minisheet FDC
Name: Fruits (Singapore – Vietnam Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 18 November 2008

In Asia, one can find a wide variety of fruits. Fruits, from the tropics to those found in temperate countries, are all easily available from the supermarkets and wet markets.

In this joint stamp issue with Vietnam, the very well-known King of Fruits, Durian and its equal, whose flower, named Queen of the Night, grows into the fruit people know as Dragonfruit are featured.

Denominations:
65c: Dragonfruit
Dragonfruit, an oval pink fruit covered with large rubbery spurs, is a tropical fruit equally popular, with a completely contrasting taste as to the durian. It is sometimes likened to that of the kiwifruit due to a prevalence of sesame seed-sized black crunchy seeds found in the flesh of the fruit. The Dragonfruit is said to have loads of vitamin C and can aid in digestion. Vietnam is known to be the main commercial producer in the region.

$1.10: Durian
Large, oval and thorny, the Durian is the region's most infamous fruit. It is renowned for its strong smell – a scent heavenly to those who love it, but a terrible stench for those not used to its pungent aroma. In the past, the peak season for durian and with truckloads of the spiky fruit rolling in from the Causeway and as far as Thailand occurs usually between the months of June and August. However, now, one can easily find the King of Fruits almost at any parts of the year. Variety range from Mao Shan Wang, D24, XO, Golden Phoenix etc…excites all the durian lovers who will scramble to Sims Avenue, Balestier Road, Joo Chiat Place and Yio Chu Kang Road etc.

Comment: Have you eaten these fruits? Do you like them or want to have a try?

Singapore Fruits FDC

Singapore FDC
Name: Fruits (Singapore – Vietnam Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 18 November 2008

In Asia, one can find a wide variety of fruits. Fruits, from the tropics to those found in temperate countries, are all easily available from the supermarkets and wet markets.

In this joint stamp issue with Vietnam, the very well-known King of Fruits, Durian and its equal, whose flower, named Queen of the Night, grows into the fruit people know as Dragonfruit are featured.

Denominations:
65c: Dragonfruit
Dragonfruit, an oval pink fruit covered with large rubbery spurs, is a tropical fruit equally popular, with a completely contrasting taste as to the durian. It is sometimes likened to that of the kiwifruit due to a prevalence of sesame seed-sized black crunchy seeds found in the flesh of the fruit. The Dragonfruit is said to have loads of vitamin C and can aid in digestion. Vietnam is known to be the main commercial producer in the region.

$1.10: Durian
Large, oval and thorny, the Durian is the region's most infamous fruit. It is renowned for its strong smell – a scent heavenly to those who love it, but a terrible stench for those not used to its pungent aroma. In the past, the peak season for durian and with truckloads of the spiky fruit rolling in from the Causeway and as far as Thailand occurs usually between the months of June and August. However, now, one can easily find the King of Fruits almost at any parts of the year. Variety range from Mao Shan Wang, D24, XO, Golden Phoenix etc…excites all the durian lovers who will scramble to Sims Avenue, Balestier Road, Joo Chiat Place and Yio Chu Kang Road etc.

Comment: It has a little bit pity on this design. The Durian shows its flesh and Dragonfruit doesn't.

China Stamp: 2009-1

China Stamp
Name: Year of the Ox
Number: 2009-1
Date of Issue: 05 January 2009
Value: 1 stamp/set

The Ox (牛) is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Ox is denoted by the earthly branch character 丑.

2009 marks Ji-Chou Year, or the Year of the Ox. Since ancient times, the ox, always found working on farmland, has been regarded as an honest, supportive labor partner of human beings. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the ox is a symbol of hardworking spirit and selfless contribution. Widely-circulated adages like "Aware of the arrival of its late years, the ox drives itself further without being whipped" and "Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children" represent the traditional virtue and diligence of the Chinese people. The ox also symbolizes affluence and ease. It will bring a vigorous, dynamic hope of a new year and herald a bright prospect.

2009 Year of the Ox
Canada FDC
China Stamp, Sheetlet II, Booklet.
Hong Kong Stamps FDC, Minisheet FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC, Pre-stamped Postcard.
Indonesia Stamps FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC.
Singapore Stamps FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC.
Taiwan Stamps FDCs, Souvenir Sheet FDCs, Pre-stamped Postcards.
USA FDC

Thailand Flowers Minisheet FDC

Thailand Minisheet FDC
Name: New Year 2009 – Water Lilies
Date of Issue: 15 November 2008
Number: 857

Purpose: To promote stamp collecting activities and to be affixed on New Year greeting cards.

Designs: Illustrate the water lily
3 บาท BAHT: Suwanna Water Lily
The Suwanna Water Lily is a hybrid of the the "Khao Thammanune" and the "Blue Capense", Water lilies of this kind have two colours of the petals alternate. There are dots on the petals, stamen and pistil, giving the flowers different design.

3 บาท BAHT: Tan-khwan Water Lily
The Tan-khwan Water Lily is a hybrid of the "Perris Fire Opal" and the "Sirius", bred by Pairatana Songpanich of the Department of Agriculture. The colour is deep pink, almost red and some have a rosy colour. The form of the flower is star-like, with layers of petals, forming 44 to 48 petal layers.

3 บาท BAHT: Tanpong Water Lily
The Tanpong Water Lily is a hybrid of the "Mayla" and the "Madam Ville Frongoniere," bred by Pairatana Pongpanich of the Department of Agriculture. The flower bud tapers to the end and the top and bulges in the middle. The petal tip is pointed. The petals are white and red. The petal layers are especially dense with more than 45 petal layers. The flower in full bloom is large and semi-circular in shape and emits a soft fragrance.

3 บาท BAHT: Mangala-Ubol Water Lily
The Mangala-Ubol Water Lily is a hybrid of the "Maxicana" and the "Parries Five O," bred by Asst. Prof. Dr. Noppachai Chansilpa. The flower has dense layers of petals. It is orange yellow in colour with the ends of the petals being orange. The flower in full bloom is large and circular in shape and has a sweet fragrance. The stalk holds the flower up from the water.

China Sheetlet: 2008-28

China Sheetlet
Name: 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-Up
Number: 2008-28
Date of Issue: 18 December 2008
Value: 8 stamps/sheet

The year 2008 marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. The reform and opening-up is a new revolution carried out in the new era throughout the country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and a great cause of epoch-making significance to the development of the CPC and the state. Over the past 30 years, China's reform has spread from rural areas to cities and from the economic sector to all other fields, with substantial results achieved. People's livelihood has undergone great changes - from a lack of adequate food and clothing to moderate prosperity. The socialist modernization construction has entered a new stage of development. Practices have proved that the desision to implement reform and opening-up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, and that reform and opening-up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation.

2008-28: 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-Up
Stamp; Souvenir Sheet; Sheetlet II.

China Souvenir Sheet: 2008-28

China Souvenir Sheet
Name: 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-Up
Number: 2008-28
Date of Issue: 18 December 2008

Denomination:
6元: Glory

The year 2008 marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. The reform and opening-up is a new revolution carried out in the new era throughout the country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and a great cause of epoch-making significance to the development of the CPC and the state. Over the past 30 years, China's reform has spread from rural areas to cities and from the economic sector to all other fields, with substantial results achieved. People's livelihood has undergone great changes - from a lack of adequate food and clothing to moderate prosperity. The socialist modernization construction has entered a new stage of development. Practices have proved that the desision to implement reform and opening-up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, and that reform and opening-up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation.

2008-28: 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-Up
Stamp; Souvenir Sheet; Sheetlet II.

China Stamp: 2008-28

China Stamp
Name: 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-Up
Number: 2008-28
Date of Issue: 18 December 2008
Value: 1 stamp/set

Denomination:
1.20元 (1-1): Soaring

The year 2008 marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. The reform and opening-up is a new revolution carried out in the new era throughout the country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and a great cause of epoch-making significance to the development of the CPC and the state. Over the past 30 years, China's reform has spread from rural areas to cities and from the economic sector to all other fields, with substantial results achieved. People's livelihood has undergone great changes - from a lack of adequate food and clothing to moderate prosperity. The socialist modernization construction has entered a new stage of development. Practices have proved that the desision to implement reform and opening-up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, and that reform and opening-up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation.

2008-28: 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-Up
Stamp; Souvenir Sheet; Sheetlet II.

Thailand Flowers FDC

Thailand FDC
Name: New Year 2009 – Water Lilies
Date of Issue: 15 November 2008
Number: 857

Purpose: To promote stamp collecting activities and to be affixed on New Year greeting cards.

Designs: Illustrate the water lily
3 บาท BAHT: Suwanna Water Lily
The Suwanna Water Lily is a hybrid of the the "Khao Thammanune" and the "Blue Capense", Water lilies of this kind have two colours of the petals alternate. There are dots on the petals, stamen and pistil, giving the flowers different design.

3 บาท BAHT: Tan-khwan Water Lily
The Tan-khwan Water Lily is a hybrid of the "Perris Fire Opal" and the "Sirius", bred by Pairatana Songpanich of the Department of Agriculture. The colour is deep pink, almost red and some have a rosy colour. The form of the flower is star-like, with layers of petals, forming 44 to 48 petal layers.

3 บาท BAHT: Tanpong Water Lily
The Tanpong Water Lily is a hybrid of the "Mayla" and the "Madam Ville Frongoniere," bred by Pairatana Pongpanich of the Department of Agriculture. The flower bud tapers to the end and the top and bulges in the middle. The petal tip is pointed. The petals are white and red. The petal layers are especially dense with more than 45 petal layers. The flower in full bloom is large and semi-circular in shape and emits a soft fragrance.

3 บาท BAHT: Mangala-Ubol Water Lily
The Mangala-Ubol Water Lily is a hybrid of the "Maxicana" and the "Parries Five O," bred by Asst. Prof. Dr. Noppachai Chansilpa. The flower has dense layers of petals. It is orange yellow in colour with the ends of the petals being orange. The flower in full bloom is large and circular in shape and has a sweet fragrance. The stalk holds the flower up from the water.

Russia Federal Assembly FDC

Russia FDC
Name: The 15th Anniversary of the State Duma and Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
Date of Issue: 13 November 2008

The Federal Assembly of Russia (Russian: Федеральное Собрание, transliteration: Federalnoye Sobraniye or Federalnoje Sobranije) is the legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. It was preceded by the Congress of People's Deputies of Russian Federation.

It consists of the State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума), which is the lower house, and the Federation Council (Russian: Сове́т Федера́ции), which is the upper house. Both houses are located in Moscow. More...

Comment: The design of this set is too simple. If you don't know the Russian, I'm afraid you couldn't understand what does this set depict.

Estonia Philatelic Society Postal Stationery

Estonia Postal Stationery
Name: 50th Anniversary of the Tallinn Philatelic Society
Date of Issue: 13 November 2008

Comment: Because it's a 50th anniversary for a philatelic society. I have supposed the black and white old town represents 50 years ago, and the colorized stamp represents contrast with the old town (past) and modern building (today). How about your opinion?

2009 China Stamps & Postal Stationeries Catalogue

Update: 28/12/2009

No.	Name	Date	Values	Note
1	Year of the Ox	01.05	1	Booklet, Sheet II
2	Zhangzhou New Year Woodprints	01.18	4	Minisheet
3	Centenary of the Birth of Comrade Bo Yibo	01.15	2
4	The 24th Winter Universiade	02.18	2
5	Power Grid Construction	02.24	3
6	Selected Masterpieces of Shitao	03.22	6
7	China 2009 World Stamp Exhibition	04.10	2+1S/S	Sheetlet II
8	China & World Expo	05.01	4	Sheetlet II
9	Fenghuang Ancient City	05.23	3
10	Blessing Our Motherland	06.01	4	Booklet
11	Hangzhou Bay Cross-Sea Bridge	06.18	2
12	Centenary of the Birth of Comrade Li Xiannian	06.23	3
13	The 16th Asian Games	06.30	2	Sheetlet II
14	Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve	07.25	3
15	The Great Hall of the People	07.18	2	Booklet
16	Labrang Monastery	08.02	2
17	Stork Tower and Golden Gate	08.14	2	Joint issue with Ukraine
18	Huanglong Scenic Area	08.27	3+1S/S	Sheetlet II
19	National Library of China	09.09	2
20	300 Tang Poems	09.13	6
21	100th Anniversary of Lanzhou University	09.17	1
22	60th Anniversary of the CPPCC	09.21	2
23	Beijing - Hangzhou Grand Canal	09.26	6+1S/S
24	11th National Games of the People's Republic of China	10.16	2	Minisheet
25	60th Anniversary of the People's Republic of China	10.01	4+1S/S	Sheetlet II
26	Military Parade on the National Day for the 60th Anniversary of the PRC	10.01	4	Sheetlet II
27	Ancient Academies (2nd Series)	11.15	4	Sheetlet II
28	Guangji Bridge	11.16	3
29	Stage Art of Ma Lianliang	11.28	2
30	10th Anniversary of Macao's Return to the Motherland	12.20	3
31	80th Anniversary of Gutian Conference	12.28	1

2008 China Postal Stationeries

Number	Name	Date
JP154	CHIESER S&T Expo	03.19
JP155	50th Anniversary of Emancipation of One Million Tibetan Serfs	03.28
JP156	The Second World Buddhist Forum	03.28
JP157	100th Anniversary of Dalian Maritime University	06.06
JP158	The 60th Anniversary of The First Issue of Guangming Daily	06.16
JP159	The 10th IFSC Climbing World Championship	06.30
JP160
JP161	Sixtieth Anniversary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences	11.01
JF91	The 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy	04.23
JF92	Opening of China Post Life Insurance Company Limited	09.09
JF93	The 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force	11.11

2008 China Stamps & Postal Stationeries Catalogue
2009 China Stamps & Postal Stationeries Catalogue
2010 China Stamps Issue Plan

Indonesia Heroine FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: In Memoriam of Cut Nyak Dhien
Date of Issue: 10 November 2008

Denominations:
1/2 Rp1500: Cut Nyak Dhien's House
2/2 Rp1500: Cut Nyak Dhien

The stamp series of National Heroine Cut Nyak Dhien is issued in commemorative 100 years of the death of this brave Aceh heroine in 1908. She died as prisoner in her exile at Sumedang, West Java and was known as Ibu Perbu (The Queen) because of Dutch government secretly kept her truly identity. Local people knew here as a polite old woman who taught Al Qur'an to women and children. Ibu Perbu's true identity was finally revealed in 1960. The information came from official letter written by Kolonial Verslag stated the Cut Nyak Dhien, Aceh resistance leader had been exiled to Sumedang, West Java.

Cut Nyak Dhien, a daughter of heroic Noble Teuku Nanta Seutia, Ullebalang VI Mukim, was born at Lam Padang Peukan Bada village, District of IV Mukim, Aceh in 1848. Like common Aceh girls, Cut Nyak Dhien was properly taught, especially in religion by both her parents as well as other Holly Quran teachers. She was married to Teuku Ibrahim, a nephew of her at the age of twelve.

The Dutch aggression in 1873 had triggered Aceh peoples, without exemption Teuku Ibrahim and his men fighting against the colonial army. In Beuranden Gle’ Taron valley battle in 1878, Teuku Ibrahim and some of his troops were killed. The death of her husband had led Cut Nyak Dhien totally involved in the war. Being a widower for a time, she was married by Teuku Umar. The couple was then continuing the struggle against the Dutch ruler. In Suak Ujung Kalak Meulaboh battle in 1899, Teuku Umar was killed. Cut Nyak Dhien and her devotees persisted to resist by launching guerilla war in the jungle. In fact, her aging and weakened body along with rheumatism and myopia suffering did not lessen her courage to fight. Under circumstance of exhausted soldiers and logistics lacking, Cut Nyak Dhien finally was kept by Dutch army in 1905 and exiled to Sumedang in 1907.

Comment: Cut Nyak Dhien died on 06 November, 1908. The issue date on the official brochure is 05 November, and the issue date on the FDC is 10 November, 2008. I'm dizzy now!

Estonia Post FDC

Estonia FDC
Name: 90th Anniversary of the Estonian Post
Date of Issue: 13 November 2008

Like the Republic of Estonia, also Eesti Post (Estonian Post) marks its 90th anniversary this year. On 13 November 1918 Col. Johan Unt, Commander of the Defence League, issued an order to appoint Hindrek Rikand as commandant of the Tallinn Post and Telegraph Office. The Estonian postal authority regards that date as the day of its founding. The first postage stamps in the so-called flower design and with a face value of 5 kopecks were put on sale on 22 November 1918. They were printed at the Bölau printing house in Nõmme, today a borough of Tallinn. Dissolved by the Soviets in 1940, Eesti Post was re-established on 1 June 1991. The main operation of AS Eesti Post, a fully state-owned company, is provision of universal postal services. Since 1994 AS Eesti Post is a member of PostEurop and the Baltic Postal Union. Eesti Post became member in the Universal Postal Union in 1922, and its membership status was restored in 1992. Through time, Eesti Post has had seven leaders – two before World War II and five after the country restored its independence. Eesti Post has about 4,000 employees.

Comment: My friend added a "75th Anniversary of the Estonian Post" stamp, depicts the first Estonian stamp, on it. I'm perfectly satisfied with this additional stamp of this FDC.

Singapore Cash Crops FDC

Singapore FDC
Name: Cash Crops of Early Singapore
Date of Issue: 12 November 2008

When Sir Stamford Raffles established the first Botanic Gardens in 1822, located on the slopes of Government Hill (now known as Fort Canning Hill), its purpose then was for experimental cultivation of plants, such as nutmeg and clove, to evaluate their economic value and suitability as Cash Crops (crops that are grown for money) as well as other tropical plants.

Denominations:
1st Local: Pepper (Piper nigrum)
Pepper (Piper nigrum) was grown in early Singapore. It is a perennial root climber and is usually grown on posts.

Black pepper is the whole dried fruit; white pepper is the fruit, which has been retted in water, and the mesocarp removed. Both are ground and used in powdered form; commercial ground pepper is often a blend and can be easily adulterated.

Pepper is widely used as a condiment, the flavour and pungency blending well with most savoury dishes.

65c: Tapioca (Manihot esculenta)
Tapioca (Manihot esculenta) is a shrubby plant native to South America, believed to have been cultivated since 800 B.C. The plant, with skinny sterns and palm-shaped leaves, can grow to about 3m. The huge storage roots are the main part that is eaten, but its leaves are also enjoyed as a vegetable dish.

Tapioca, not rice, was the daily staple food through the times of the Japanese Occupation. It was the easiest to grow, not much attention is needed on the plant and it can grow in poor soil and withstand drought, making it an important famine crop.

$1.10: Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)
Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) originated from the Central and South America, where it has been collected for a long time. It was introduced into South East Asia from the Neotropics in 1876. H.N Ridley, Singapore's first Scientific Director of the Botanical Gardens (1888 – 1911) was such a passionate advocate of this cash crop that he would often stuff rubber seeds into pockets and beg villagers to plant them. He also perfected the tapping method that reduces damage done to rubber trees during harvest, thus prolonging the life spans and productivity.

$2: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) cultivation in Singapore was unheard of until Sir Stamford Raffles introduced it in 1819. He brought in the first batch of nutmeg and clove trees six months after the establishment of Singapore as a trading post. Although nutmeg cultivation in Singapore proved to be unprofitable after 20 – 30 years, nutmeg cultivation was undeniably a part of Singapore's history. It is manifested through the roads named after the spice itself (Nutmeg Road) and nutmeg proprietors such as Dr Thomas Oxley (Oxley Rise), leaving traces of the heyday of nutmeg cultivation for future generations to uncover.

Comment: The coupons of this set are very gorgeous. These are additional remarks for this set. I remember that Singapore Post seldom uses these coupons. This is Israel Post's mark. lol

Thailand Princess FDC

Thailand FDC
Name: H.R.H. Princess Galyani Vadhana's Cremation Ceremony
Date of Issue: 11 November 2008
Number: 857

Princess Galyani Vadhana of Thailand, Princess of Naradhiwas (Thai: สมเด็จพระเจ้าพี่นางเธอ เจ้าฟ้ากัลยาณิวัฒนา กรมหลวงนราธิวาสราชนครินทร์) (6 May 1923 – 2 January 2008) was a Princess of Thailand and the elder sister of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). She was also a direct granddaughter of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V).

When she came to take permanent residency in Thailand, she made use of knowledge by teaching in many academic institutions as well as by helping her mother, Somdet Phra Srinagarindra the Princess Mother, in various social activities. During her life time, H.R.H. the Princess of Narathivat devoted herself to the education of young people and promoting social welfare in terms of medical and public health care as well as the environment. She had applied her experience to the development of the country. Her interests covered a wide range of experience in writing and academic pursuits. For this, she earned the titles, the Writer Princess and the Academic Princess. Many of the books she wrote have helped to enhance people's understanding of the country's history, customs and politics.

During the final stage of her life, the Princess of Narathivat was admitted to the Chalerm Prakiet Building in Siriraj Hospital. She passed away, at the age of 84, on January 2nd, 2008 at 2.54 a.m. The Royal Household Bureau has scheduled November 14th, 2008 as the day of the royal cremation.

Comment: No official FDC this time, but my friend got the designer's autograph for me. Thanks!!

Malaysia Seashells S/S FDC

Malaysia Souvenir Sheet FDC
Name: Seashells of Malaysia
Date of Issue: 11 November 2008

Seashells are the hard, protective layer of a marine animal, typically that of marine invertebrates. Seashells are commonly attributed to marine molluscs which has various sub-categories such as gastropods (e.g. snails), bivalves (e.g. clams), and chitons.

Seashells are commonly found deposited along the sea shore by waves and tides. Only the shells are washed up unto the beach empty and clean, the animal already have died and rotted away or have been eaten by predators or scavengers. Seashells come in a variety of shape, sizes and colours depending on the species. The presence of a particular species in the area is usually indicative of the water quality and hydrology.

Collecting empty seashells by beachcombers is a harmless hobby but majority of seashells are collected alive and in bulk for commercial trade and this exploitation causes negative impact on the rarer species.

Denominations:
RM2: Venus Comb Murex (Murex pecten)
This species is normally found on sandy sea beds. It has more than 100 spines which protect it from predators and also prevent it from sinking into the soft sandy sea bed.

Comment: Do you like this special shape seashell? Had you collected alive seashell on the beach? If you did, please never do it again.

2008 Seashells of Malaysia FDC
2008 Seashells of Malaysia Souvenir Sheet FDC

Indonesia Flora Fauna FDCs

Indonesia FDCs
Name: Provincial Flora and Fauna
Date of Issue: 05 November 2008

The stamp series of Provincial Flora and Fauna consists of 33 provinces of Indonesia will be sequentially issued in 3 years from 2008 to 2010. Each issue depicts flora and fauna of randomly selected 11 provinces. In 2008, the stamp series features flora and fauna from the provinces of Bali, Gorontalo, West Java, Central Java, West Kalimantan, Maluku, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Papua, Riau, West Sulawesi and West Sumatera.Denominations:
1/33 Rp.2500: Majegau (Dysoxylum densiflorum) and Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) of Bali
Majegau (Dysoxylum densiflorum) is one of woods commonly used for Balinese carving material thanks to its strength and beautiful color and pattern. Classified as songbird, Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) can be found in Western Bali National Park in very limited number.

2/33 Rp.2500: Wolato (Vitex cofassus) and Flat-tail Mullet (Liza dussumieri) of Gorontalo
Wolato (Vitex cofassus) is categorized as hard wood commonly used for buildings material especially floor, pergola, beams as well as other exterior parts. Flat-tail Mullet (Liza dussumieri) lives in coastal and brackish water and feed algae, plankton and detritus of bottom sediment.

3/33 Rp.2500: Marian Plum (Bouea macrophylla) and Leopard (Phantera pardus) of West Java
Marian Plum (Bouea macrophylla) is a kind of slowly growing plant found in humid forest area at the elevation of 300m above sea level. Leopard (Phantera pardus) is the ultimate carnivores protected under the law inhabited forested area of Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java.

4/33 Rp.2500: White Champaca (Michelia alba) and Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) of Central Java
White Champaca (Michelia alba) commonly used for ritual practices blooms over the year, especially in rainy seasons. As implied by its name, Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) has a gold yellow color of feathers with black stripe at wings and tail.

5/33 Rp.2500: BorneoTallowNut (Shorea stenoptera) and Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) of West Kalimantan
BorneoTallowNut (Shorea stenoptera) has been economically planted and utilized for cosmetics and perfume substance since a long time. Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) lives in tropical forest with high trees at the elevation of 1,500 m above sea level.6/33 Rp.2500: Dendrobium Orchid (Dendrobium phalaenopsis) and Moluccan King Parrot (Alisterus amboinensis) of Maluku
Dendrobium Orchid (Dendrobium phalaenopsis) grows at trees and rocks sufficiently exposed to sunlight at the elevation of 1,500 m above sea level. The Moluccan King Parrot (Alisterus amboinensis) is a big parrot found in humid forest in the islands of Maluku in a decreasing population.

7/33 Rp.2500: Golden Champaca (Michelia champoca) and Rufous Tailed Shama (Copsychus pyrropygus) of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
Golden Champaca (Michelia champoca) is economically planted and distilled its scented oil for perfume substance. Rufous Tailed Shama (Copsychus pyrropygus) can be found in forested area at the elevation of 900 m above the sea level.

8/33 Rp.2500: Island Lychee (Pometia pinnata) and Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleuca) of Papua
Island Lychee (Pometia pinnata) grows at forested area of Papua at the elevation of 1,700 m above sea level and produce delicious fruits, while its woods are used for buildings, farming and sport equipments. The Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleuca) is endemic bird of Papua forest with beautiful color, strong beak and feet, loud voice as well as good flight endurance.

9/33 Rp.2500: Nibung Palm (Oncosperma tigillarium) and Blue Crowned-hanging Parrot (Loriculus galgulus) of Riau
Nibung Palm (Oncosperma tigillarium) is wild palm commonly grown in clumps near mangrove area. The Blue Crowned-hanging Parrot (Loriculus galgulus) lives in tropical forest generally in pack or couple with peculiar sleeping habit namely hanging upside down.

10/33 Rp.2500: Uru (Elmerrillia ovalis) and Snoring Rail (Aramidopsis plateni) of West Sulawesi
Uru (Elmerrillia ovalis) with nearly 45 m height and 2 m diameter stem is highly economic plant that produces strong and beautifully grained woods. Snoring Rail (Aramidopsis plateni) is protected flightless bird inhabit Lore Lindu and Nani Wartabone National Park, West Sulawesi.

11/33 Rp.2500: King Murberry (Morus macroura) and Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) of West Sumatera
King Murberry (Morus macroura) with nearly 40 m height 1 m diameter length is one of prominent plants that yield high quality timbers. Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) has a unique body with long tail nearly 2 m and a very loud voice that can be heard from a distance.

Comment: This is the 2nd big series of Provincial things in this year, the early series is the Provincial Emblems.

Malaysia Seashells FDC

Malaysia FDC
Name: Seashells of Malaysia
Date of Issue: 11 November 2008

Seashells are the hard, protective layer of a marine animal, typically that of marine invertebrates. Seashells are commonly attributed to marine molluscs which has various sub-categories such as gastropods (e.g. snails), bivalves (e.g. clams), and chitons.

Seashells are commonly found deposited along the sea shore by waves and tides. Only the shells are washed up unto the beach empty and clean, the animal already have died and rotted away or have been eaten by predators or scavengers. Seashells come in a variety of shape, sizes and colours depending on the species. The presence of a particular species in the area is usually indicative of the water quality and hydrology.

Collecting empty seashells by beachcombers is a harmless hobby but majority of seashells are collected alive and in bulk for commercial trade and this exploitation causes negative impact on the rarer species.

Denominations:
30sen: Horned Helmet (Cassis cornuta)
This species is typically found on sandy banks, inside barrier reefs. During the day, they barrow down into the sand and at dusk move out to hunt.

30sen: Burnt Murex (Chicoreus brunneus)
Be normally found in coral reef areas in Malaysian waters and well-known for its beautiful spines. It is a carnivore which feeds on bivalves.

50sen: Triton's Trumpet (Charonia tritonis)
This species feeds on starfish. Traditionally, it is used as a trumpet by natives of other cultures.

50sen: Frog Shell (Tutufa rubeta)
This species usually hides among shallow reefs or rocks using its rock-liked shell as a great camouflage.

Comment: Which seashell do you like the most in this FDC?

2008 Seashells of Malaysia FDC
2008 Seashells of Malaysia Souvenir Sheet FDC

Lithuania Christmas FDC

Lithuania FDC
Name: Holy Christmas and New Year
Date of Issue: 08 October 2008

Denominations:
1.35 Lt: Snowy Berries.
2.45 Lt: Snowy Branches

Comment: Because Lithuania is located in high latitude, firn is a very common scene in winter. I think many people, at low latitude, yearn this scene very much.

2009 Christmas FDCs:
Estonia, Israel, Lithuania.

2008 Christmas FDCs:
Canada: The Nativity, Canada: Winter Fun, Estonia, Italy, Lithuania.

2007 Christmas FDCs:
Estonia, Finland, Hong Kong, Japan, Lithuania, Ukraine, Vatican.

Israel France FDC

Israel FDC
Name: 60 Years of Friendship between Israel and France (France – Israel Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 06 November 2008

France supported Resolution 181 at the UN general Assembly on November 29, 1947, partitioning the land into two States and ending the British Mandate. This decision was the corner stone leading to the establishment of the State of Israel May, 14 1948. Postal ties between the newly founded State and the rest of the world had been severed since April 1948. In June of 1948 France brought about the renewal of Israel's postal ties with many nations.

The postal ties of 1948 are reminiscent of those that existed some 100 years earlier. On July 10, 1852 the French Postal ship Tancrède arrived in Jaffa and on that same day the first post office was opened by postal agent named Antonie Louis Santelli, who also initiated and founded a branch of the French post in Jerusalem. These were the first and only post offices in the area at that time. In 1906 an additional French Post office was opened in Haifa. These post offices were shut down on October 1, 1914 as per instructions issued by the Ottoman authorities on September 19, 1914.

On June 1958 an Air France DC3 airplane, registration number F.BAXK, landed Haifa, flown by pilot Georges Bernard and two crew members: communication technician Mr. Sortais and mechanic Mr. Boutet. The plane made an interim stop in Bucharest while en route to Israel, thus arriving with mail from both France and Romania. The plane subsequently left Haifa on June 11 at 6:36 a.m., bearing mail to France and other countries with which Israel had re-established postal ties: Bulgaria, Holland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland and Switzerland. It also carried a mail sack bound for New York. After interim stop in Cyprus, Greece Italy and Nice un southern France, the airplane took of the next day towards its final destination, Le Bourget airport in Paris, where it landed o June 12, 1948 at 11:01 a.m. and delivered its mail sacks.

These stamps commemorate the 60th anniversary of that first flight to France and of the State of Israel's independence. That flight symbolizes the beginning of the ties and cooperation that exist between the two countries in many areas. Above all, it represents the close and friendly relation between the two countries and their people.

The Stamps depict the airplane as it leaves Haifa bound for Paris and a letter that was sent aboard that flight. The tabs feature postmarks with dates on each on the plane took off and landed.

Comment: The landmarks of 2 cities are very distinct on 2 stamps, you could see the Sail Tower and the Shrine of the Báb on Haifa stamp and the Eiffel Tower on Paris stamp.

Canada Winter Fun FDC

Canada FDC
Name: Christmas: Winter Fun
Date of Issue: 03 November 2008

Christmas is a time of tradition and childhood memories. It's the joy of making snow angels at first snowfall, of slipping and sliding, then finally gliding down a frozen slope as you learn to ski, or racing, rosy-cheeked and breathless with excitement, down a snow-packed hill on a new Christmas toboggan. It's the season of keeping warm with hand-knitted hats and scarves – in colours inspired by traditional Christmas decorating and greeting cards – no doubt crafted by a loving grandmother.

These charming images of a child's Christmas, created using block prints hand-tinted with coloured pencils and pastels, invite all generations to once again experience the chilly bliss of playing in new fallen snow. They make our memories of the fun shared with family and friends in winters long ago so real, you can almost smell the hot chocolate.

Comment: Will you think this FDC was overpaid? Actually not, the "up to 20g" postage rate to China is 1.60 CAD, because the high value of this set, my friend added 0.62 CAD to reach the higher postage rate (up to 100g: 3.75 CAD). Well done!!

2009 Christmas FDCs:
Estonia, Israel, Lithuania.

2008 Christmas FDCs:
Canada: The Nativity, Canada: Winter Fun, Estonia, Italy, Lithuania.

2007 Christmas FDCs:
Estonia, Finland, Hong Kong, Japan, Lithuania, Ukraine, Vatican.

Hong Kong Masks M/S FDC

Hong Kong Minisheet FDC
Name: Masks (Hong Kong – Rep. of Korea Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 08 November 2008

Staged folk dance is a unique performance genre with a long history. Its themes cover a wide spectrum of subjects ranging from people's daily activities to myths and legends. While folk dances from different nations display a rich variety of styles because of differences in their historical and cultural backgrounds, they do share some common features. One example is the use of masks to highlight the identity or character of individual dancers. Hong Kong Post and Korea Post jointly issue a set of two stamps on "Masks" to showcase the distinct folk dance masks of the two places. This marks the ninth joint stamp issue released by Hong Kong Post with other postal administrations.

Denominations:
$5: Big Head Buddha Mask in Southern Lion Dance
There are different versions of the origin of Big Head Buddha, but most are associated with lions. In the Southern Lion Dance, the first one to appear in the show is the always cheerful Big Head Buddha. A fellow with a palm leaf fan in his hand, the Big Head acts in an amusing way to provoke the lion to perform a series of agile manoeuvres, enhancing the joyous festive mood. The Big Head also plays funny tricks on the lion to induce it to "Cai Qing" (Pick the Greens) or "Po Zhen" (Smash the Battle Line), a symbol of bringing "good luck" and "bumper crops" to all households.

$5: Chwibari Mask of Bongsan Mask Dance Drama
The Bongsan Mask Dance Drama, designated the "Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 17 of Korea", is steeped in realism. Each mask used in a performance reveals the occupation and social status of a character. Through delightfully nimble movements and humorous presentation, the dancers satirise social ills or express the concerns and frustrations of ordinary people. Their performance gives the audience an opportunity to temporarily take their minds off their worries. The most famous folk dance form in Korea, the Bongsan Mask Dance Drama is frequently staged at home and abroad during seasonal festivals and celebrations for good harvests or marvellous feats, as well as ceremonies to welcome visiting dignitaries.

With two opposite face silhouettes as the backdrop, the souvenir sheet presents two masks — a Chinese mask of "Big Head Buddha" on the left and a Korean mask of "Bongsan Mask Dance Drama (Chwibari Mask)"on the right. The theme of the stamp issue is shown trilingually in Chinese, Korean and English. The vibrant colours and contrasting patterns add an intensity to the costumed images on the stamps.

Comment: As you see, the postmark of this FDC is terrible. the "KTG" Post Office paid less attention on philatelic materials, they should be blamed. :(

2008 Hong Kong Masks FDCs
2008 Hong Kong Masks Minisheet FDC

Hong Kong Masks FDCs

Hong Kong FDCs
Name: Masks (Hong Kong – Rep. of Korea Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 08 November 2008

Staged folk dance is a unique performance genre with a long history. Its themes cover a wide spectrum of subjects ranging from people's daily activities to myths and legends. While folk dances from different nations display a rich variety of styles because of differences in their historical and cultural backgrounds, they do share some common features. One example is the use of masks to highlight the identity or character of individual dancers. Hong Kong Post and Korea Post jointly issue a set of two stamps on "Masks" to showcase the distinct folk dance masks of the two places. This marks the ninth joint stamp issue released by Hong Kong Post with other postal administrations.

Denominations:
$5: Big Head Buddha Mask in Southern Lion Dance
There are different versions of the origin of Big Head Buddha, but most are associated with lions. In the Southern Lion Dance, the first one to appear in the show is the always cheerful Big Head Buddha. A fellow with a palm leaf fan in his hand, the Big Head acts in an amusing way to provoke the lion to perform a series of agile manoeuvres, enhancing the joyous festive mood. The Big Head also plays funny tricks on the lion to induce it to "Cai Qing" (Pick the Greens) or "Po Zhen" (Smash the Battle Line), a symbol of bringing "good luck" and "bumper crops" to all households.

$5: Chwibari Mask of Bongsan Mask Dance Drama
The Bongsan Mask Dance Drama, designated the "Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 17 of Korea", is steeped in realism. Each mask used in a performance reveals the occupation and social status of a character. Through delightfully nimble movements and humorous presentation, the dancers satirise social ills or express the concerns and frustrations of ordinary people. Their performance gives the audience an opportunity to temporarily take their minds off their worries. The most famous folk dance form in Korea, the Bongsan Mask Dance Drama is frequently staged at home and abroad during seasonal festivals and celebrations for good harvests or marvellous feats, as well as ceremonies to welcome visiting dignitaries.

With two opposite face silhouettes as the backdrop, the souvenir sheet presents two masks — a Chinese mask of "Big Head Buddha" on the left and a Korean mask of "Bongsan Mask Dance Drama (Chwibari Mask)"on the right. The theme of the stamp issue is shown trilingually in Chinese, Korean and English. The vibrant colours and contrasting patterns add an intensity to the costumed images on the stamps.

Comment: The Priority Mail's was as quickly as the registered mail to reach me this time. You know, this is the first time that these different "mail" reach to me on same day from Hong Kong. "Priority Mail" deserves its name this time.

2008 Hong Kong Masks FDCs
2008 Hong Kong Masks Minisheet FDC

Canada Christmas FDC

Canada FDC
Name: Christmas: The Nativity
Date of Issue: 03 November 2008

This scene of Mary placing Jesus in the manger is one of many artistic depictions of a seminal moment in Christianity. The birth of Jesus has been told and retold in books, oral stories, murals, paintings, stain glass windows and frescos all over the world. The repetition of the nativity story is an example of a culture-spanning tradition of artistically rendering religious symbols and images in different art forms and periods.

This stamp features Antonio Caruso's traditional sculpture of Mary looking over Jesus in his makeshift crib. The stamp, a work of art in its own right, focuses on the baby who, in this artistic rendition forgoes the swaddling clothes.

Comment: I know my friend sent this FDC on issue day (3rd Nov.), but the machine postmark canceled this FDC on 4th Nov.

2009 Christmas FDCs:
Estonia, Israel, Lithuania.

2008 Christmas FDCs:
Canada: The Nativity, Canada: Winter Fun, Estonia, Italy, Lithuania.

2007 Christmas FDCs:
Estonia, Finland, Hong Kong, Japan, Lithuania, Ukraine, Vatican.

Germany ATM FDC

Germany FDC
Name: Brandenburg Gate & Deutsche Post Tower
Date of Issue: 09 October 2008

0.45: Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor) is a former city gate and one of the main symbols of Berlin and Germany. It is located west of the city center at the intersection of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. It is the only remaining gate of a series through which one formerly entered Berlin. One block to its north lies the Reichstag. The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees which formerly led directly to the city palace of the Prussian monarchs. It was commissioned by King Frederick William II of Prussia as a sign of peace and built by Carl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791. The Brandenburg Gate was restored from 2000 to 2002 by the Stiftung Denkmalschutz Berlin (Berlin Monument Conservation Foundation). Today, it is considered one of Europe's most famous landmarks. More...

0,55: Deutsche Post Tower, Bonn
The Deutsche Post Tower in Bonn, designed by Helmut Jahn, is sited in a public parkland adjacent to the river Rhine. The building reflects the ideal of transparency, weightlessness and immateriality. More...

Comment: I was so surprise that my Chinese friend (lives in Germany) made this FDC for me.

Indonesia Turkey FDCs

Indonesia FDCs
Name: Indonesia - Turkey (Indonesia - Turkey Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 24 October 2008

On the occasion of Indonesia-Turkey Joint Stamps Issue, the stamp designs feature cultural heritages, landmark, dance as well as flora and fauna of both countries. Indonesia depicts Istiqlal Mosque, Barelang Bridge, Saman Dance, Mucuna bennetti (Flame of Irian) and Prionailurus planiceps. Turkey depicts Blue Mosque, Bosphorus Bridge, Whirling Desvishes Dance, Turkish Tulip, and Turkish Van Cat.

Denominations:
1/10 Rp.2500: Blue Mosque
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is also known and referred to as the Blue Mosque for the blue tiles decorating the walls of its interior. It is a national mosque of Turkey as well as historical mosque in Istanbul built between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Sultan Ahmed I. The mosque architecture design is the culmination of two centuries of both Ottoman mosque and Byzantine church development. The Blue Mosque has become one of the greatest tourist points of attraction in Istanbul.

2/10 Rp.2500: Istiqlal Mosque
Istiqlal Mosque is located Jakarta and possibly the largest mosque in Southeast Asia. Istiqlal derives from Arabic word meaning independence. As a national mosque of Indonesia, it was build to commemorate Indonesian independence as nation’s gratitude for God’s blessings. The main prayer hall of this building is covered by a 45 meter diameter central spherical dome. President Soekarno started its construction building on August 23, 1961. President Soeharto inaugurated this national mosque on February 17, 1978.

3/10 Rp.2500: Bosphorus Bridge
The Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge is one of the two bridges spanning the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. The bridge is gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel pylons and inclined hangers. It is located between the European pylons and inclined hangers. It is located between the European side of Ortakoy and Asian side of Beylerbeyi. At present, this bridge is the 15th longest suspension bridge span in the word. The decision to build it was taken in 1957 by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. The construction was completed on October 30, 1973 and opened by President Fahri Koruturk and Prime Minister Naim Talu.

4/10 Rp.2500: Barelang Bridge
The Barelang Bridge is a chain of various types of 6 bridges that connect the islands of Batam, Rempang, and Galang, Locals also call it as Habibie Bridge refers to then President BJ Habibie, who run the construction project, aiming to develop Rempang and Galang into industrial sites. It takes about 50 minutes to travel this nearly 50km length route from the first bridge to the last one. Nowadays, the bridge becomes a landmark of Batam and is a popular tourism site.

5/10 Rp.2500: Whiriling Dervishes Dance
Originated from Konya, the dance is known as the Whiriling Dervishes due to practice of whirling as a form of dhikr means remembrance of Allah. Dervish is a common term for the Sufi path initiation. This dance is inspired by Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi songs and teachings. The dancers wear conical hat as well as white shirt and typical skirt that flowing around as the dancers spin. They usually spin from right to left follow the sounds of a read instrument.

6/10 Rp.2500: Saman Dance
Saman is one of the most popular dances from Aceh originated from the Alas ethnic group and usually performed to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad and other important occasions. Eight to twenty performers kneel in a row on the floor and make torso movements accompanied by songs, slapping chests and clapping hands. The songs are praises to Allah. Started with slow movements, the dance is gradually increasing its tempo until abruptly stop at the end.

7/10 Rp.2500: Turkish Tulip
Sometimes dubbed as Fire Flame Tulip, Turkish Tulip or Tulipa acuminata had been known since the 17th century of the Ottoman Empire. Its flower is unique with needle pointed petal in red and yellow blooming in May. Leaves spreading normally on the ground, mostly strongly undulated. With almost 12 to 18 inches of height, this plant needs moist soil and more sun exposure.

8/10 Rp.2500: Flame of Irian
Commonly known as Flame of Irian, Mucuna bennettii is beautiful winding vine with the large bright red flowers. Long cascading clusters of its brilliant red flowers chained together in 30 to 45 cm length. Originated from forested area of Papua, it flourishes well in tropical to semi tropical regions. For enthusiasts, it can be used to climb a large tree or pergola.

9/10 Rp.2500: Turkish Van Cat
The Turkish Van is a breed of cat native to the Lake Van region in Eastern Turkey. Formerly called as Turkish Cat, the name was changed in 1979 to Turkish Van to better differ the breed from the Turkish Angora cat which had its origins around Ankara, in central Turkey. Traditionally, Turkish Vans are recognized as patterned cats with color restricted to the head and tail and white body. This cat is very intelligent. They like to play and jump and explore anything in their reach.

10/10 Rp.2500: Flat-Headed Cat (Prionailurus paniceps)
Also known as flat-headed cat, this small wild cat can be found in forested area of Kalimantan and Sumatera. It has nearly 41-50 cm length of body covered by generally dark brown tinged grey thick fur. The head shape is slightly flat as implied by its common name. It mostly hunts for frogs, fish, crustaceans, as well as rats and chickens. Flat-headed cat is considered as endangered species by IUCN due to habitat loss and pollution.

Comment: This is the 2nd time that Indonesia Post issues the joint stamp like this in 2008. Indonesia and Japan is the first time. Do you like this way?

China Pre-stamped Postcard TP37

China Special Pre-stamped Postcards
Name: The Ancient Qikou Town
Number: TP37
Date of Issue: 10 November 2008

Cover	Inside Cover
8-1 Distant View of Qikou	8-2 Street
8-3 Heilong Temple	8-4 Ancient Port
8-5 Xiwan Village	Lijiashan Village
8-7 Baijiashan Village	8-8 Sunjiagou Village
Inside Back Cover

Qikou Town, situated at the very south end of Linxian County, Shanxi Province, is at the west foot of the Lvliang Mountain and beside the east bank of the Huanghe River. The ten-thousand-li Huanghe River flows here and the riverbed here becomes very narrow abruptly. At this part of the Huanghe River, submerged reefs stand like a forest, current is swift and waves are very high. so it has been the natural moat of the water transportation of the Huanghe River. In History, the ancient Qikou Town was an important port for water-land transportation service. The commerce here was flourishing and was in fashion for a time.

A lot of buildings constructed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and in the first years of the Republic of China remain at Qikou Town and villages all around. The ancient buildings are the outcome and the telling witness of the Huanghe culture and the brilliant Shanxi commerce and are of important cultural and historical value. Qikou Town has been listed as one of the sixth batch of the Major historical and cultural sites under state protection.