Indonesia Children's Day FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: National Children's Day 2009
Date of Issue: 23 July 2009

Denominations:
1/4 1500: Playing Rope
2/4 1500: Playing Kites
3/4 1500: Playing Hide and Seek
4/4 1500: Cycling

National Children's Day 2009 commemoration is the right moment to arouse awareness on the importance of protection and fulfillment of children rights. As stated in national Constitution UUD 1945 article 28 B subsection (2), "All children have the right to live, grow and develop as well as to be protected from violence and discrimination". Therefore, all national components including government, business sector, society, family and parent have to cooperate for ensuring protection and comfort of our next generation.

The theme of National Children's Day commemoration this year is "I am Indonesian Kid, Creative, Innovative and Outstanding to Face the Future Challenge". Among the purposed goals are socializing and providing information to families and public concerning the magnitude of fulfilling children rights as well as developing network and partnership between government and society, including non-governmental organization, business sector, press and other parties to support services for comfort and protection of Indonesian children.

To commemorate this national event, stamp series of National Children's Day 2009 issued on 23 July 2009. Stamp design features ordinary children plays consisting of rope playing, hide and seek, kite and cycling. The illustration is worked by Bryan Jevoncia, 8 years old, 5th grade student of Suster Primary School, Pontianak. A son of Bong Yaw Song and Rosina Fardimin, he won UN stamp design competition in 2007 who then for his international achievement invited by President of the Republic of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to visit Presidential Palace.

Indonesia Birds FDCs

Indonesia FDCs
Name: Birds of Indonesia
Date of Issue: 15 July 2009

Denominations:
1/6 2500: Great Argus (Argusianus argus)
Included in Phasanidae, which lives on the ground, this species flies in short distance and can run fast. The male is relatively big (120cm) and the female is smaller (60cm). Prefers to live in area up to 900m above the sea level, this bird spreads from forest area of Tenasserim Myanmar, Southwest Thailand, Sabah and Malaysia Peninsula, Brunei Darussalam, and Kalimantan Indonesia. The bird faces threat from losing of its habitat as well as animal hunting. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies it in Near Threatened (NT) status.

2/6 2500: White-winged Duck (Cairina Scutulata)
Classified in Anatidae and concentrated in wet area, this bird spreads from Southeast India and Bangladesh to Southeast Asia in Sumatra and Java. The approximate number of population in the world is about 1,000, whereas nearly 150 live in East and Southwest of Sumatra. With a rather white on head and neck, this dark colored bird is relatively big (66-75cm). Its back is glossy dark green and dark brown at the underside. IUCN classifies this bird in Red List as Endangered (EN).

3/6 2500: Storm's Stork (Ciconia stormi)
Population of this species is few, fragmented and tends to decline because of illegal logging as well as conversion of industrial plantation. Relatively big (80cm) with black and white color, this bird has a read beak, black wings, back, crown and chest, white nape of neck, belly and tail as well as pink face. This species spreads from Southern Thailand, along Malaysia Peninsula, Kalimantan and Sumatra. Nowadays, the estimated population in Sumatra is about 150. IUCN classifies this bird in Red List with Endangered (EN) status.

4/6 2500: Red-naped Trogon (Harpactes kasumba)
As a member of Trogonidae, this bird is inhabitant of tropical low land forest spreads along Thailand Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak and Malaysia Peninsula, Brunei Darussalam and Kalimantan Indonesia. Even in its natural habitat, up to 600 above the sea level primary forest, population of this species is relatively small. The male has wide red necklace and white crescent moon shape at its chest. The female has brown-grey larynx and chest with light brown belly. IUCN classifies it in Near Treated (NT) status.

5/6 2500: Rufous-collared Kingfisher (Actenoides concretus)
This bird spreads in low land forest of South Tenasserim Myanmar, Thailand Peninsula, Malaysia Peninsula, Brunei Darussalam, Sumatra (including its offshore islands), Kalimantan, and Java Indonesia. Categorized in moderate size (23cm), this birds blue and red colored with typical green crown. The male has a red collar and underside body, black eye strip, and dark blue moustache strip and upper side body. The female has yellow spotted dark green wings. IUCN includes it in Near Threatened (NT) status.

6/6 2500: Wringkled Hornbill (Aceros corrugatus)
Classified in Bucerotidae, this bird lives in low land primary forest and swamp forest up to 1,000m above the sea level as well as in selective logged forest. It spreads from Southern Thailand, Malaysia Peninsula, Sumatra, Batu Islands and Kalimantan Indonesia. Relatively moderate size (74cm), this black and white colored bird has a red short wrinkled horn. The male is black with a white head side, neck and tip of the tail. The female has a black head and neck as well as blue skin at its larynx. IUCN includes it in Near Threatened (NT) list.

Indonesia Foods FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: Indonesian Traditional Foods
Date of Issue: 06 July 2009

With enormous natural resources that providing high quality ingredients and spices, Indonesia own cultural richness in the form of assorted delicious traditional foods. As an effort to preserve as well as promote culinary heritage of Indonesia, stamp series of Indonesian Traditional Foods issued this year features traditional food of six provinces, namely Ihutilinanga from Gorontalo, Gulai Balak from Lampung, Sate Tambulinas from Southeast Sulawesi, Sambal Goreng Papai from Central Kalimantan, Nasi Uduk from Jakarta, and Ikan Bobara Kuah Asam from West Papua.

Denominations:
1/6 1500: Ihutilinanga (Gorontalo)
Served with scrambled eggs as well as spreads of chilly and onion in buttery fresh coconut milk has made this previously a common fried eggplant an extraordinary dish from Gorontalo with delicious taste.

2/6 1500: Gulai Balak (Lampung)
Consisting of beef or lamb chops, Gulai Balak differs from commonly found curry. A strong taste of this curry comes from spices and seasonings indicating a typical flavor of Lampung foods. Creamy coconut milk soup with the taste of ginger, nutmeg, chilly and onion absorbed in every slices of meat creates an appetizing aroma.

3/6 1500: Sate Tambulinas (Southeast Sulawesi)
Usually we consume a kind of traditional grilled meat with separated sauce. Yet, Southeast Sulawesi people has invented a way of serving it by absorbing spices as ginger, onion, garlic, and chilly into slices of meat. Served with lime, Sate Tambulinas becomes a different kind of traditional grilled meat in a hot and refreshing taste.

4/6 1500: Sambal Goreng Papai (Central Kalimantan)
This distinctive food of Palangkaraya is made of shrimp and ball shaped tempe or fermented soybean. Cooked with minced onion, garlic, chilly, ginger, citronella, lime leaf and fresh coconut milk, this dish is served with edible fern.

5/6 1500: Nasi Uduk (Jakarta)
This traditional food of Jakarta has become a familiar menu in Indonesia. Made of rice with coconut milk, coriander, citronella, pandanus leaf and salt, this delicious dish is served with fried tiny sea fish, peanut, sliced omelet, cucumber, basil leaf, spreads of fried onion as well as chilly sauce.

6/6 1500: Ikan Bobara Kuah Asam (West Papua)
Bobara, a fish generally found in Papua Sea is a main ingredient of this dish, Smeared with coconut oil, salt, and tamarind water, this fish is grilled and served in a soup containing tomato, lime leaf, scallion, chilly, citronella and salt. The simple way of serving this food does not lessen its deliciousness.

Indonesia Suramadu Bridge S/S FDC

Indonesia Souvenir Sheet FDC
Name: The Inauguration of Suramadu Bridge
Date of Issue: 10 June 2009

Suramadu Bridge is a 5,438 m long bridge connecting Java Island and Madura Island. Considered as a longest bridge in Indonesia so far, Suramadu Bridge becomes a new landmark of Indonesia, especially East Java Province. Officially started in 2003, the construction is undertaken simultaneously on all of its three parts, both Surabaya and Madura side as well as central part comprising approach bridge and main bridge. Suramadu Bridge is inaugurated by President of the Republic of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 10 June 2009.

Stretched across Madura Strait, this bridge consists of three parts, namely causeway, approach bridge and main bridge. The bridge provides four 3.5 m width two-ways lines and two 2.75 m width emergency lines. Special line for motorcycle rider is available along the outer side of the bridge. Two causeways connect the bridge with the land across the shallow water at both sides. The 672 m long approach bridges link causeways with the main bridge. The main bridge is made up using cable stayed construction supported by twin towers erected 143 m high. The bridge allocates 35 m high free space above the sea level to accommodate shipping traffic across Madura Strait.

Suramadu Bridge is built to increase transportation traffic of people and logistics from and to Madura Island. The increasing traffic is believed will accelerate development in Madura Island which less developed than other parts of East Java Province. Hopefully, the bridge will pace the growing economics activity of this area. Whereas, the instant economics benefit comes from revenue of toll charged to every vehicles pass the bridge.

Indonesia Suramadu Bridge FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: The Inauguration of Suramadu Bridge
Date of Issue: 10 June 2009

Denominations:
1/3 1500: Surabaya Access
2/3 1500: Suramadu Bridge
3/3 1500: Madura Access

Suramadu Bridge is a 5,438 m long bridge connecting Java Island and Madura Island. Considered as a longest bridge in Indonesia so far, Suramadu Bridge becomes a new landmark of Indonesia, especially East Java Province. Officially started in 2003, the construction is undertaken simultaneously on all of its three parts, both Surabaya and Madura side as well as central part comprising approach bridge and main bridge. Suramadu Bridge is inaugurated by President of the Republic of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 10 June 2009.

Stretched across Madura Strait, this bridge consists of three parts, namely causeway, approach bridge and main bridge. The bridge provides four 3.5 m width two-ways lines and two 2.75 m width emergency lines. Special line for motorcycle rider is available along the outer side of the bridge. Two causeways connect the bridge with the land across the shallow water at both sides. The 672 m long approach bridges link causeways with the main bridge. The main bridge is made up using cable stayed construction supported by twin towers erected 143 m high. The bridge allocates 35 m high free space above the sea level to accommodate shipping traffic across Madura Strait.

Suramadu Bridge is built to increase transportation traffic of people and logistics from and to Madura Island. The increasing traffic is believed will accelerate development in Madura Island which less developed than other parts of East Java Province. Hopefully, the bridge will pace the growing economics activity of this area. Whereas, the instant economics benefit comes from revenue of toll charged to every vehicles pass the bridge.

Indonesia Environmental Care S/S FDC

Indonesia Souvenir Sheet FDC
Name: Environmental Care
Date of Issue: 05 June 2009

Established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 to mark the opening of the Stockholm Conference the Human Environment, World Environment Day (WED) is commemorated every year on 5 June. WED is one of the principal instruments through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action. WED is a people's day that gives opportunity for everybody to be part of the global action to promote the protection of our planet, the sustainable use of our natural resources and the adoption of lifestyle friendly to environment.

With the theme of 'Your Planet Needs You-Unite to Combat Climate Change', global celebration of WED 2009 is held in Mexico City as a principal venue. Mexico is chosen for its growing role in fighting against climate change as well as its participation in carbon market. This country has also pledged for planting 25 per cent of total trees needed under UNEP's Billion Tree Campaign.

This year's World Environment Day will also highlight the 'Green New Deal' - a solution to the global financial meltdown and global warming by calling for increased investments in renewable energy-efficient production processes. The deal is believed not only will create jobs and spur recovery but also help tackle global warming. Investment of the substantial new economic stimulus packages in the green economy can turn today's crisis into tomorrow's sustainable growth.

As a commemoration of this international event in Indonesia, a stamp series of Environmental Care is issued on 5 June 2009. The stamps feature winning artworks of 2008 National Stamp Design Contest painted by Howard Julio T. (Jakarta), Ranggi Prahita (Yogyakarta) and Edi Jatmiko (Yogyakarta).

Indonesia Environmental Care FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: Environmental Care
Date of Issue: 05 June 2009

Denominations:
1/3 1500: Edi Jatmiko (Yogyakarta)
2/3 1500: Howard Julio T. (Jakarta)
3/3 1500: Ranggi Prahita (Yogyakarta)

Established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 to mark the opening of the Stockholm Conference the Human Environment, World Environment Day (WED) is commemorated every year on 5 June. WED is one of the principal instruments through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action. WED is a people's day that gives opportunity for everybody to be part of the global action to promote the protection of our planet, the sustainable use of our natural resources and the adoption of lifestyle friendly to environment.

With the theme of 'Your Planet Needs You-Unite to Combat Climate Change', global celebration of WED 2009 is held in Mexico City as a principal venue. Mexico is chosen for its growing role in fighting against climate change as well as its participation in carbon market. This country has also pledged for planting 25 per cent of total trees needed under UNEP's Billion Tree Campaign.

This year's World Environment Day will also highlight the 'Green New Deal' - a solution to the global financial meltdown and global warming by calling for increased investments in renewable energy-efficient production processes. The deal is believed not only will create jobs and spur recovery but also help tackle global warming. Investment of the substantial new economic stimulus packages in the green economy can turn today's crisis into tomorrow's sustainable growth.

As a commemoration of this international event in Indonesia, a stamp series of Environmental Care is issued on 5 June 2009. The stamps feature winning artworks of 2008 National Stamp Design Contest painted by Howard Julio T. (Jakarta), Ranggi Prahita (Yogyakarta) and Edi Jatmiko (Yogyakarta).

Indonesia WOC S/S FDC

Indonesia Souvenir Sheet FDC
Name: World Ocean Conference 2009
Date of Issue: 11 May 2009

Denominations:
5000: Green Sea Turtle

Covering almost 2/3 part of the earth's surface with ecological, social and economic functions which have a great effect on human living, oceans have to be saved from the negative effects of climate change. It becomes necessity to work together across national borders to manage and mitigate climate change-impacts and preserve the life-support functions of the ocean through strong commitment of all parties to the implementation of management measures on marine which are related to global climate change.

Commented from the above matter, Indonesia hosts the World Ocean Conference (WOC) on May 11th- 15th, 2009 in Manado, North Sulawesi Province, WOC 2009 is scheduled to be attended by ministers and high level government officials as well as multilateral organizations in order to develop a common understanding and firm commitment to face up to the impact of climate change on the state of the world's oceans and to increase our understanding of the role of the oceans in determining the rate of global climate change. Among key issues to be discussed in relation to the WOC2009 theme are climate change impacts, the role of the oceans in regulating climate change, adaptation and mitigation as well as opportunities for regional and international cooperation.

Along with this event, Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) is scheduled around high-level political commitments and proactive implementation by governments of the Coral Triangle area supported and carried forward by private sector, international agency and civil society (NGO) partners to provide major contribution toward safeguarding the region's marine and coastal biological resources for the sustainable growth and prosperity of current and future generations. The Coral Triangle is 5.7 million km2 area of home to highest diversity of marine life on earth stretched across 6 countries, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Timor Leste.

Indonesia WOC FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: World Ocean Conference 2009
Date of Issue: 11 May 2009

Denominations:
1/4 2500: Blueringed Anglefish
2/4 2500: Anemone Shrimp
3/4 2500: Goldback Anthias
4/4 2500: Coral Reef

Covering almost 2/3 part of the earth's surface with ecological, social and economic functions which have a great effect on human living, oceans have to be saved from the negative effects of climate change. It becomes necessity to work together across national borders to manage and mitigate climate change-impacts and preserve the life-support functions of the ocean through strong commitment of all parties to the implementation of management measures on marine which are related to global climate change.

Commented from the above matter, Indonesia hosts the World Ocean Conference (WOC) on May 11th- 15th, 2009 in Manado, North Sulawesi Province, WOC 2009 is scheduled to be attended by ministers and high level government officials as well as multilateral organizations in order to develop a common understanding and firm commitment to face up to the impact of climate change on the state of the world's oceans and to increase our understanding of the role of the oceans in determining the rate of global climate change. Among key issues to be discussed in relation to the WOC2009 theme are climate change impacts, the role of the oceans in regulating climate change, adaptation and mitigation as well as opportunities for regional and international cooperation.

Along with this event, Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) is scheduled around high-level political commitments and proactive implementation by governments of the Coral Triangle area supported and carried forward by private sector, international agency and civil society (NGO) partners to provide major contribution toward safeguarding the region's marine and coastal biological resources for the sustainable growth and prosperity of current and future generations. The Coral Triangle is 5.7 million km2 area of home to highest diversity of marine life on earth stretched across 6 countries, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Timor Leste.

Indonesia Astronomy M/S FDC

Indonesia Minisheet FDC
Name: International Year of Astronomy 2009
Date of Issue: 02 May 2009

Denominations:
1/3 5000: Galileo Telescope
2/3 5000: IYA Logo
3/3 5000: Galileo Galilei

The United Nations officially declared the International Year of Astronomy 2009 non December 20, 2007. Initiated by International Astronomical Union (IAU) and UNESCO, this resolution was aimed at commemorating the 400th years of telescope usage in the field of astronomy pioneered by Galileo Galilei. Not less than 137 countries celebrate this event with the theme of "the Universe, yours to discover".

The major goals of International Year of Astronomy 2009 are to increase scientific awareness; promote widespread access to new knowledge and observing experiences; empower astronomical communities in developing countries; support and improve formal and informal science education; provide a modern image of science and scientist; facilitate new networks and strengthen existing ones; improve the gender-balanced representation of scientist at all levels and promote greater involvement by underrepresented minorities in scientific and engineering careers; facilitate the preservation and protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage of dark skies in places such as urban oases, national parks and astronomical sites.

One of the main agendas of the event in Indonesia is stamp series "The Year of International Astronomy 2009" issuance on May 2, 2009. The stamp design depicts the image of Galileo Galilei, Galilean telescope as well as the official event logo. As a background, the sheet shows Omega Centauri galaxy portrayed by Denny Mandey using telescope of Observatorium-Boscha ITB Lembang.

Galileo Galilei (February 15, 1564 - January 8, 1642) is Italian physician, mathematician as well as philosopher known as "father of modern science". His observation has brought fundamental discoveries in the field of astronomy that revolutionary shifted paradigm of viewing the universe. The Jupiter moons discovery has challenged previously accepted concept of geometric. Then, the planet movement theory became crucial milestone for Isaac Newton's mechanical theory.

The original telescope designed by Galileo in 1609 was commonly called as Galilean telescope. It used a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens. This telescope produced upright images and could magnified objects about 30 times. Instead of its flaw as such as shape of the lens, Galilean telescope could view the phases of Venus, craters on the moon and the moons orbiting Jupiter.

Omega Centauri is a ball shaped cluster of stars located at Centaurus constellation. Edmond Halley considered it as a nebula in 1677. Yet in 1830, John William Herschel, a British astronomic, regarded it as a ball shaped cluster of stars. Omega Centauri is one of ball shaped clusters that can be seen through naked eyes. This brightest and biggest cluster of stars in our Galaxy consists of approximately 10 million stars with 17.000 light year (1 light year = ~ 9,5 x 1012 km) length distance from earth.

Indonesia Astronomy FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: International Year of Astronomy 2009
Date of Issue: 02 May 2009

Denominations:
1/3 2500: Galileo Telescope
2/3 2500: IYA Logo
3/3 2500: Galileo Galilei

The United Nations officially declared the International Year of Astronomy 2009 non December 20, 2007. Initiated by International Astronomical Union (IAU) and UNESCO, this resolution was aimed at commemorating the 400th years of telescope usage in the field of astronomy pioneered by Galileo Galilei. Not less than 137 countries celebrate this event with the theme of "the Universe, yours to discover".

The major goals of International Year of Astronomy 2009 are to increase scientific awareness; promote widespread access to new knowledge and observing experiences; empower astronomical communities in developing countries; support and improve formal and informal science education; provide a modern image of science and scientist; facilitate new networks and strengthen existing ones; improve the gender-balanced representation of scientist at all levels and promote greater involvement by underrepresented minorities in scientific and engineering careers; facilitate the preservation and protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage of dark skies in places such as urban oases, national parks and astronomical sites.

One of the main agendas of the event in Indonesia is stamp series "The Year of International Astronomy 2009" issuance on May 2, 2009. The stamp design depicts the image of Galileo Galilei, Galilean telescope as well as the official event logo. As a background, the sheet shows Omega Centauri galaxy portrayed by Denny Mandey using telescope of Observatorium-Boscha ITB Lembang.

Galileo Galilei (February 15, 1564 - January 8, 1642) is Italian physician, mathematician as well as philosopher known as "father of modern science". His observation has brought fundamental discoveries in the field of astronomy that revolutionary shifted paradigm of viewing the universe. The Jupiter moons discovery has challenged previously accepted concept of geometric. Then, the planet movement theory became crucial milestone for Isaac Newton's mechanical theory.

The original telescope designed by Galileo in 1609 was commonly called as Galilean telescope. It used a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens. This telescope produced upright images and could magnified objects about 30 times. Instead of its flaw as such as shape of the lens, Galilean telescope could view the phases of Venus, craters on the moon and the moons orbiting Jupiter.

Omega Centauri is a ball shaped cluster of stars located at Centaurus constellation. Edmond Halley considered it as a nebula in 1677. Yet in 1830, John William Herschel, a British astronomic, regarded it as a ball shaped cluster of stars. Omega Centauri is one of ball shaped clusters that can be seen through naked eyes. This brightest and biggest cluster of stars in our Galaxy consists of approximately 10 million stars with 17.000 light year (1 light year = ~ 9,5 x 1012 km) length distance from earth.

Indonesia World Stamp Exhibition FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: China 2009 World Stamp Exhibition
Date of Issue: 10 April 2009

China 2009 World Stamp Exhibition is organized under the patronage of FIP and the auspices of FIAP to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China as well as to promote the exchange of world philatelic culture and to enhance the friendship and cooperation between China and other countries and regions.

This international event is held in Luoyang, in Henan Province of central China. With total area of 15,208 ㎞² and population of 6.5 million, Luoyang is not only a famous ancient capital and a historical city promulgated among the first group by the State Council of China, but also a key industrial city with outstanding industrial advantage and technological strength.

The exhibition logo is composed of the image of the Old City Tower of Luoyang, the Tree Peony, flying pigeons, stamp, the Earth and characters of "China 2009". the seven flying pigeons vividly depict a blossoming peony and spread to the whole world the message of Luoyang's China 2009 World Stamp Exhibition. The pigeons also embody peace and development. The Old City Tower and the Tree Peony highlight the long history, brilliant culture and regional characteristics of the hosting city of Luoyang. The gradually changing blue color symbolizes the harmonious future.

The mascot "the Tree Peony Messenger" selects the Tree Peony as the major image of the city flower of Luoyang. The Tree Peony Messenger holds the China 2009 printed stamp. She enthusiastically welcomes the foreign and domestic guests to China 2009 World Stamp Exhibition.

Design of commemorating souvenir sheet issued in Indonesia depicts the White Horse Temple as one of famous heritages in Luoyang and oxen as mark of the event lasted in the Year of Ox in Chinese Lunar Calendar.

China 2009 World Stamp Exhibition:
China Stamps, Souvenir Sheet, Sheetlet II
Hong Kong FDCs
Indonesia FDC

Indonesia Elections FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: General Elections 2009
Date of Issue: 02 March 2008

Denominations:
1/4 Rp1500: Election's Contestants
2/4 Rp1500: Marks Your Vote
3/4 Rp1500: One Minutes for Five Years
4/4 Rp1500: 9 April 2009

General elections henceforth election is a process of voting candidates for legislative bodies and political posts ranked from president, governor, to mayor and vices. Election is periodically run every five year by Komisi Pemilihan Umum (Electoral Commission) based on the principle of direct, public, free and confidential as well as honest and fair. Prior to the voting day, candidates and political parties offer their programs and political promises to their constituent in campaign session. The winner will be scored by the amount vote by each contestant.

Election 1955 was in the first in the history of the Republic of Indonesia. People vote tiwce in this election. The first was held in September 29 to elect members of Legislative Council. The second was held on December 15 to elect Constituent Body members. With more than 30 parties and hundreds of individual candidates, this election is regarded as one of the most democratic.

The second election in Indonesia was held on July 5, 1971 during the early New Order regime. Significantly differed from the previous one, this election put bureaucracy in a neutral position. Election 1971 was contested by 10 parties.

After 1971, election was periodically held in 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. These elections were noted by decreasing number of contestants due to Government and Legislative Council decision to fuse political parties into three.

Post President Suharto toppling in May 1998, BJ Habibie Administration speeded up the election on June 7, 1999. The ultimate reason of this decision was to gain public as well as international recognition and trust. This election voted parliament members and contested 48 parties.

Election 2004 was the first election in the era of Reformation enabling people to vote parliament members and president/vice president directly. This election was conducted in three stages. The first voted for Legislative Bodies members, both national and local in April 5. The Second voted for president/vice president in July 5. And the third was the second round for president/vice president election in September 20.

The next election in Indonesia will be run on April 9, 2009. This legislative election contest will be contested by 44 parties, including 6 local parties in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. In preceding elections the vote was done by punching the ballot. Whereas, voting in the next election will be made by putting a mark on ballot.

Indonesia ITB FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: 50th Anniversary of ITB
Date of Issue: 02 March 2008

Denominations:
1/4 Rp1500: DiesEmas
2/4 Rp1500: ITB Opening Ceremony in 1959
3/4 Rp1500: 89 Years of Technical Higher Education in Indonesia
4/4 Rp1500: ITB in the Future

History of Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) or Bandung Institute of Technology began in the early twentieth century by the establishment of de Techniche Hoogeschool te Bandung which only had a faculty, namely de Faculteit van Technishe Wetenschap and a major study, namely de afdeeling der Weg en Waterbouw. This institute was found to cope with the lack of technician problem due to disrupted connections between Netherlands and its colony in East India during the First World War.

ITB was officially founded by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia on March 2, 1959. it was born in dynamic situation bearing mission of science and technology universality dedicated for development toward an advanced and respected nation. ITB main campus occupy previously site of the first technical school in Indonesia.

In the first decade of sixty, ITB started to develop and complete its core infrastructures. This period indicated preparation for organization manning by developing lectures through studying abroad.

The second decade of seventy was a hard times, but the academic unit had developed into a working unit which also functioned as a socio-economics unit that performed as a semi-autonomous institutions. This decade also marked the level of academic development as well as reduction of studying abroad programs.

During the third decade of eighty, infrastructures and transfer of knowledge process had entered a modern era using more sophisticated campus facilities. Number of graduates was increased significantly while post graduate programs were opened. This favorable atmosphere spread due to improving socio-politics and economics situation of the country.

In the fourth decade of ninety, this formerly a single program technical school has maintained 26 Bachelor Programs, 34 Master Programs and 3 Doctorate Programs consisting of science, technology, business, arts and humanism studies.

Opening the twenty first century, the Government has declared ITB as a State Owned Legal Entity according to the Government Regulation Number 155 year 2000 since December 26, 2000. State Higher Education Institution with legal entity status is a new phenomenon in the history of education in Indonesia. The ultimate reason for this policy is ITB as one of the State Higher Education Institutions shall posses a greater autonomy and responsibility to face globalization challenge.

Indonesia Year of the Ox S/S FDC

Indonesia Souvenir Sheet FDC
Name: Year of the Ox
Date of Issue: 10 January 2009

The Upcoming Year of the Ox falls on January 26th, 2009 until February, 2010. This is the second year in sequence and recurring in twelve years cycle. According to Chinese astrology, the year 2560 will be the Year of the earth Ox.

As stated by one of the most popular myths, the Lord Buddha called all the animals to come to him before departing this earth. Only 12 animals came after crossing the final river in the race, and as a reward he named a lunar year after each according to the order of its arrival. The Ox was the second to get there after the Rat which rode over his back intelligently jump ahead to reach the first place. The rest followed them were the Tiger, the Rabbit, the Dragon, the Snake, the Horse, the Ram, the Monkey, the Rooster, the Dog, and the Pig.

According to Chinese astrology, people have to work harder and need stability in doing their job in the Year of the Ox. This year will be a hard time to get succeed. Patience and discipline have to be maintained as well as intuition and rationality balancing. The Ox symbolization that holds nature harmony teaches no to set activities causing nature disorder. This upcoming year will be a prosperous year for those hard thinkers and active planners who believe in and relay on a teamwork, running own business or work independently.

The Ox is the sign of prosperity through strength and hard work. The Ox people are born leader, being quite dependable and determined to achieve great things. They are reliable, calm, and modest. The ox is patient, tireless in their work, and capable of performing endurance without complaint. Ox people need peace and quiet circumstances to work. Once they have set their mind on something it is hard for them to be convinced otherwise. An Ox person has a very logical mind and is extremely systematic in whatever they do, even without imagination. These people speak little but are extremely intelligent. People born under the influence of the Ox are kind, caring souls, positive, and filled with common sense. Their feet are firmly planted on the ground. Security is their main preoccupation in life. They are separated to sweat in order to provide a warm, comfortable and stable nest for themselves and their families. Stubborn and individualistic, the majority are highly intelligent individuals hard to be told what to do.

2009 Year of the Ox
Canada FDC
China Stamp, Sheetlet II, Booklet.
Hong Kong Stamps FDC, Minisheet FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC, Pre-stamped Postcard.
Indonesia Stamps FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC.
Singapore Stamps FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC.
Taiwan Stamps FDCs, Souvenir Sheet FDCs, Pre-stamped Postcards.
USA FDC

Indonesia Year of the Ox FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: Year of the Ox
Date of Issue: 10 January 2009

The Upcoming Year of the Ox falls on January 26th, 2009 until February, 2010. This is the second year in sequence and recurring in twelve years cycle. According to Chinese astrology, the year 2560 will be the Year of the earth Ox.

As stated by one of the most popular myths, the Lord Buddha called all the animals to come to him before departing this earth. Only 12 animals came after crossing the final river in the race, and as a reward he named a lunar year after each according to the order of its arrival. The Ox was the second to get there after the Rat which rode over his back intelligently jump ahead to reach the first place. The rest followed them were the Tiger, the Rabbit, the Dragon, the Snake, the Horse, the Ram, the Monkey, the Rooster, the Dog, and the Pig.

According to Chinese astrology, people have to work harder and need stability in doing their job in the Year of the Ox. This year will be a hard time to get succeed. Patience and discipline have to be maintained as well as intuition and rationality balancing. The Ox symbolization that holds nature harmony teaches no to set activities causing nature disorder. This upcoming year will be a prosperous year for those hard thinkers and active planners who believe in and relay on a teamwork, running own business or work independently.

The Ox is the sign of prosperity through strength and hard work. The Ox people are born leader, being quite dependable and determined to achieve great things. They are reliable, calm, and modest. The ox is patient, tireless in their work, and capable of performing endurance without complaint. Ox people need peace and quiet circumstances to work. Once they have set their mind on something it is hard for them to be convinced otherwise. An Ox person has a very logical mind and is extremely systematic in whatever they do, even without imagination. These people speak little but are extremely intelligent. People born under the influence of the Ox are kind, caring souls, positive, and filled with common sense. Their feet are firmly planted on the ground. Security is their main preoccupation in life. They are separated to sweat in order to provide a warm, comfortable and stable nest for themselves and their families. Stubborn and individualistic, the majority are highly intelligent individuals hard to be told what to do.

Comment: Since Indonesia Post has not allowed using stamps to pay the registered fee, my friend couldn't make anymore real posted registered mail for me. The total postage of this FDC is Rp6000. the regular postage from Indonesia to China is Rp5000, and Rp1000 is express additional fee.

2009 Year of the Ox
Canada FDC
China Stamp, Sheetlet II, Booklet.
Hong Kong Stamps FDC, Minisheet FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC, Pre-stamped Postcard.
Indonesia Stamps FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC.
Singapore Stamps FDC, Souvenir Sheet FDC.
Taiwan Stamps FDCs, Souvenir Sheet FDCs, Pre-stamped Postcards.
USA FDC

Indonesia Islands FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: The Small Outermost Islands
Date of Issue: 13 December 2008

The Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic state consists of not less than 17,508 big and small islands spread 5,110 km long and 1,888 km wide. Geographically, Indonesia is located at Strategic position between Asia and Australia Continents as well as Indian and Pacific Oceans. These islands are connected by sea and strait of nearly 5.8 million km2 national territory with 79,610 km long coastal line.

Indonesia has 92 small outermost islands bordering on 10 neighbor states, i.e. Australia, India, Malaysia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Timor Leste. The islands spread in 9 provinces mostly in Kepulauan Riau and Maluku. Approximately half of these islands are inhabited with 0.02 to 200 km2 size.

In socializing the existence of these small outermost islands aimed at protecting the Republic of Indonesia territory, Directorate General of Post and Telecommunication, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia issues stamp series of Small Outermost Islands in the event of commemoration Nusantara Day on December 13, 2008. The stamp series features 4 islands, namely Damar, Sebatik, batuwaikang, and Bras.

Denominations:
1/4 Rp1500: Damar Island
Damar Island or commonly named by local people as Tokongatap is part of Anambas Islands located at Natuna Sea and bordering on Malaysia. An Extreemely wave occurs in its water area during north seasons. Swalows transit in this rocky and abrupted islands in the evening. This island is part of Jemaja District, Natuna Town, Kepulauan Riau Province. Beside of its fish resource richness, water area around Damar Island is knowned as a location of 4 sinking ship containing precious historical goods. in order to protect this island, several effort shall be done as follows reconstructing and maintaining base point and refference point, intensifying control to secure souverignity, and maintaining navigation guiding equipment.

2/4 Rp1500: Sebatik Island
Sebatik Island is divided into 2 territories, one part under the Republic of Indonesia while other under Malaysia. Sebatik is the farthest district at the east of Nunukan Town, East Kalimantan province consisting 4 villages, namely Tanjung Karang, Pancang, Sungai Nyamuk, Tanjung Aru and Setabu. The weather is generally hot around 28.8 ℃, the lowest temperature 22.9 ℃ in August while the hottest 33.0 ℃ strikes in April. This is one among the most prioritized outermost islands for development program because its direct border position to neighbor state. Among the crucial agenda of this program are development of agriculture, plantation, fishery and tourism as well as law enforcement and security control.

3/4 Rp1500: Batuwaikang Island
Batuwaikang Island is one the farthest islands at the north of Sulawesi bordering of the Philippines. This vertically stab of stone shaped island is part of Kawio Islands. The island is located at the north of Sangihe Island anf the northeast of Marore Island. Batubawaikang is part of North Tabukan Dostrict, Sangihe Town, North Sulawesi Province. The weather around the island is highly changing in short times. In northern wind seasons, the speed of wind can reach 40 miles per hour causing high wave that even a big ship can not passed this waterfront.

4/4 Rp1500: Bras Island
Bras Island is part of Mapia Islands bordering on the Republic of Palau. This island is 390 miles away from Babelthuap island (the Republic of Palau). Mapia Islands consists of 5 islands, namely Mapia or Pegun, Bras or Berasi, Small Bras, Fanildo or Faniroto and Small Fanildo. The islands territory is secured by Indonesian National Army stationed at Mapia Island. Bras Island is part of West Supiori District, Supiori Town, Papua Province, Sea bio-diversity richness as well as preserved ecosystem in Mapia Islands brings out opportunity to develop tourism industry, including nature, culture and historical site of World War II.

Comment: I appreciate Indonesia's consciousness of her territory, this set is very special, it not only shows its location, but also its latitude and longitude.

Indonesia Heroine FDC

Indonesia FDC
Name: In Memoriam of Cut Nyak Dhien
Date of Issue: 10 November 2008

Denominations:
1/2 Rp1500: Cut Nyak Dhien's House
2/2 Rp1500: Cut Nyak Dhien

The stamp series of National Heroine Cut Nyak Dhien is issued in commemorative 100 years of the death of this brave Aceh heroine in 1908. She died as prisoner in her exile at Sumedang, West Java and was known as Ibu Perbu (The Queen) because of Dutch government secretly kept her truly identity. Local people knew here as a polite old woman who taught Al Qur'an to women and children. Ibu Perbu's true identity was finally revealed in 1960. The information came from official letter written by Kolonial Verslag stated the Cut Nyak Dhien, Aceh resistance leader had been exiled to Sumedang, West Java.

Cut Nyak Dhien, a daughter of heroic Noble Teuku Nanta Seutia, Ullebalang VI Mukim, was born at Lam Padang Peukan Bada village, District of IV Mukim, Aceh in 1848. Like common Aceh girls, Cut Nyak Dhien was properly taught, especially in religion by both her parents as well as other Holly Quran teachers. She was married to Teuku Ibrahim, a nephew of her at the age of twelve.

The Dutch aggression in 1873 had triggered Aceh peoples, without exemption Teuku Ibrahim and his men fighting against the colonial army. In Beuranden Gle’ Taron valley battle in 1878, Teuku Ibrahim and some of his troops were killed. The death of her husband had led Cut Nyak Dhien totally involved in the war. Being a widower for a time, she was married by Teuku Umar. The couple was then continuing the struggle against the Dutch ruler. In Suak Ujung Kalak Meulaboh battle in 1899, Teuku Umar was killed. Cut Nyak Dhien and her devotees persisted to resist by launching guerilla war in the jungle. In fact, her aging and weakened body along with rheumatism and myopia suffering did not lessen her courage to fight. Under circumstance of exhausted soldiers and logistics lacking, Cut Nyak Dhien finally was kept by Dutch army in 1905 and exiled to Sumedang in 1907.

Comment: Cut Nyak Dhien died on 06 November, 1908. The issue date on the official brochure is 05 November, and the issue date on the FDC is 10 November, 2008. I'm dizzy now!

Indonesia Flora Fauna FDCs

Indonesia FDCs
Name: Provincial Flora and Fauna
Date of Issue: 05 November 2008

The stamp series of Provincial Flora and Fauna consists of 33 provinces of Indonesia will be sequentially issued in 3 years from 2008 to 2010. Each issue depicts flora and fauna of randomly selected 11 provinces. In 2008, the stamp series features flora and fauna from the provinces of Bali, Gorontalo, West Java, Central Java, West Kalimantan, Maluku, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Papua, Riau, West Sulawesi and West Sumatera.Denominations:
1/33 Rp.2500: Majegau (Dysoxylum densiflorum) and Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) of Bali
Majegau (Dysoxylum densiflorum) is one of woods commonly used for Balinese carving material thanks to its strength and beautiful color and pattern. Classified as songbird, Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) can be found in Western Bali National Park in very limited number.

2/33 Rp.2500: Wolato (Vitex cofassus) and Flat-tail Mullet (Liza dussumieri) of Gorontalo
Wolato (Vitex cofassus) is categorized as hard wood commonly used for buildings material especially floor, pergola, beams as well as other exterior parts. Flat-tail Mullet (Liza dussumieri) lives in coastal and brackish water and feed algae, plankton and detritus of bottom sediment.

3/33 Rp.2500: Marian Plum (Bouea macrophylla) and Leopard (Phantera pardus) of West Java
Marian Plum (Bouea macrophylla) is a kind of slowly growing plant found in humid forest area at the elevation of 300m above sea level. Leopard (Phantera pardus) is the ultimate carnivores protected under the law inhabited forested area of Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java.

4/33 Rp.2500: White Champaca (Michelia alba) and Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) of Central Java
White Champaca (Michelia alba) commonly used for ritual practices blooms over the year, especially in rainy seasons. As implied by its name, Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) has a gold yellow color of feathers with black stripe at wings and tail.

5/33 Rp.2500: BorneoTallowNut (Shorea stenoptera) and Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) of West Kalimantan
BorneoTallowNut (Shorea stenoptera) has been economically planted and utilized for cosmetics and perfume substance since a long time. Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) lives in tropical forest with high trees at the elevation of 1,500 m above sea level.6/33 Rp.2500: Dendrobium Orchid (Dendrobium phalaenopsis) and Moluccan King Parrot (Alisterus amboinensis) of Maluku
Dendrobium Orchid (Dendrobium phalaenopsis) grows at trees and rocks sufficiently exposed to sunlight at the elevation of 1,500 m above sea level. The Moluccan King Parrot (Alisterus amboinensis) is a big parrot found in humid forest in the islands of Maluku in a decreasing population.

7/33 Rp.2500: Golden Champaca (Michelia champoca) and Rufous Tailed Shama (Copsychus pyrropygus) of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
Golden Champaca (Michelia champoca) is economically planted and distilled its scented oil for perfume substance. Rufous Tailed Shama (Copsychus pyrropygus) can be found in forested area at the elevation of 900 m above the sea level.

8/33 Rp.2500: Island Lychee (Pometia pinnata) and Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleuca) of Papua
Island Lychee (Pometia pinnata) grows at forested area of Papua at the elevation of 1,700 m above sea level and produce delicious fruits, while its woods are used for buildings, farming and sport equipments. The Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleuca) is endemic bird of Papua forest with beautiful color, strong beak and feet, loud voice as well as good flight endurance.

9/33 Rp.2500: Nibung Palm (Oncosperma tigillarium) and Blue Crowned-hanging Parrot (Loriculus galgulus) of Riau
Nibung Palm (Oncosperma tigillarium) is wild palm commonly grown in clumps near mangrove area. The Blue Crowned-hanging Parrot (Loriculus galgulus) lives in tropical forest generally in pack or couple with peculiar sleeping habit namely hanging upside down.

10/33 Rp.2500: Uru (Elmerrillia ovalis) and Snoring Rail (Aramidopsis plateni) of West Sulawesi
Uru (Elmerrillia ovalis) with nearly 45 m height and 2 m diameter stem is highly economic plant that produces strong and beautifully grained woods. Snoring Rail (Aramidopsis plateni) is protected flightless bird inhabit Lore Lindu and Nani Wartabone National Park, West Sulawesi.

11/33 Rp.2500: King Murberry (Morus macroura) and Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) of West Sumatera
King Murberry (Morus macroura) with nearly 40 m height 1 m diameter length is one of prominent plants that yield high quality timbers. Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) has a unique body with long tail nearly 2 m and a very loud voice that can be heard from a distance.

Comment: This is the 2nd big series of Provincial things in this year, the early series is the Provincial Emblems.

Indonesia Turkey FDCs

Indonesia FDCs
Name: Indonesia - Turkey (Indonesia - Turkey Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 24 October 2008

On the occasion of Indonesia-Turkey Joint Stamps Issue, the stamp designs feature cultural heritages, landmark, dance as well as flora and fauna of both countries. Indonesia depicts Istiqlal Mosque, Barelang Bridge, Saman Dance, Mucuna bennetti (Flame of Irian) and Prionailurus planiceps. Turkey depicts Blue Mosque, Bosphorus Bridge, Whirling Desvishes Dance, Turkish Tulip, and Turkish Van Cat.

Denominations:
1/10 Rp.2500: Blue Mosque
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is also known and referred to as the Blue Mosque for the blue tiles decorating the walls of its interior. It is a national mosque of Turkey as well as historical mosque in Istanbul built between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Sultan Ahmed I. The mosque architecture design is the culmination of two centuries of both Ottoman mosque and Byzantine church development. The Blue Mosque has become one of the greatest tourist points of attraction in Istanbul.

2/10 Rp.2500: Istiqlal Mosque
Istiqlal Mosque is located Jakarta and possibly the largest mosque in Southeast Asia. Istiqlal derives from Arabic word meaning independence. As a national mosque of Indonesia, it was build to commemorate Indonesian independence as nation’s gratitude for God’s blessings. The main prayer hall of this building is covered by a 45 meter diameter central spherical dome. President Soekarno started its construction building on August 23, 1961. President Soeharto inaugurated this national mosque on February 17, 1978.

3/10 Rp.2500: Bosphorus Bridge
The Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge is one of the two bridges spanning the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. The bridge is gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel pylons and inclined hangers. It is located between the European pylons and inclined hangers. It is located between the European side of Ortakoy and Asian side of Beylerbeyi. At present, this bridge is the 15th longest suspension bridge span in the word. The decision to build it was taken in 1957 by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. The construction was completed on October 30, 1973 and opened by President Fahri Koruturk and Prime Minister Naim Talu.

4/10 Rp.2500: Barelang Bridge
The Barelang Bridge is a chain of various types of 6 bridges that connect the islands of Batam, Rempang, and Galang, Locals also call it as Habibie Bridge refers to then President BJ Habibie, who run the construction project, aiming to develop Rempang and Galang into industrial sites. It takes about 50 minutes to travel this nearly 50km length route from the first bridge to the last one. Nowadays, the bridge becomes a landmark of Batam and is a popular tourism site.

5/10 Rp.2500: Whiriling Dervishes Dance
Originated from Konya, the dance is known as the Whiriling Dervishes due to practice of whirling as a form of dhikr means remembrance of Allah. Dervish is a common term for the Sufi path initiation. This dance is inspired by Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi songs and teachings. The dancers wear conical hat as well as white shirt and typical skirt that flowing around as the dancers spin. They usually spin from right to left follow the sounds of a read instrument.

6/10 Rp.2500: Saman Dance
Saman is one of the most popular dances from Aceh originated from the Alas ethnic group and usually performed to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad and other important occasions. Eight to twenty performers kneel in a row on the floor and make torso movements accompanied by songs, slapping chests and clapping hands. The songs are praises to Allah. Started with slow movements, the dance is gradually increasing its tempo until abruptly stop at the end.

7/10 Rp.2500: Turkish Tulip
Sometimes dubbed as Fire Flame Tulip, Turkish Tulip or Tulipa acuminata had been known since the 17th century of the Ottoman Empire. Its flower is unique with needle pointed petal in red and yellow blooming in May. Leaves spreading normally on the ground, mostly strongly undulated. With almost 12 to 18 inches of height, this plant needs moist soil and more sun exposure.

8/10 Rp.2500: Flame of Irian
Commonly known as Flame of Irian, Mucuna bennettii is beautiful winding vine with the large bright red flowers. Long cascading clusters of its brilliant red flowers chained together in 30 to 45 cm length. Originated from forested area of Papua, it flourishes well in tropical to semi tropical regions. For enthusiasts, it can be used to climb a large tree or pergola.

9/10 Rp.2500: Turkish Van Cat
The Turkish Van is a breed of cat native to the Lake Van region in Eastern Turkey. Formerly called as Turkish Cat, the name was changed in 1979 to Turkish Van to better differ the breed from the Turkish Angora cat which had its origins around Ankara, in central Turkey. Traditionally, Turkish Vans are recognized as patterned cats with color restricted to the head and tail and white body. This cat is very intelligent. They like to play and jump and explore anything in their reach.

10/10 Rp.2500: Flat-Headed Cat (Prionailurus paniceps)
Also known as flat-headed cat, this small wild cat can be found in forested area of Kalimantan and Sumatera. It has nearly 41-50 cm length of body covered by generally dark brown tinged grey thick fur. The head shape is slightly flat as implied by its common name. It mostly hunts for frogs, fish, crustaceans, as well as rats and chickens. Flat-headed cat is considered as endangered species by IUCN due to habitat loss and pollution.

Comment: This is the 2nd time that Indonesia Post issues the joint stamp like this in 2008. Indonesia and Japan is the first time. Do you like this way?