Lithuania Order FDC

Lithuania FDC
Name: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Vytis
Date of Issue: 19 September 2009

Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Vytis – the second state award of Lithuania. The Order was established in 1919.

The Order of the Cross of Vytis is conferred on persons for acts of bravery performed in defending the freedom and independence of the Republic of Lithuania.

After the restoration of independence, the leaders and members of the Senior Committee for a Free Lithuania and other outstanding representatives of the world Lithuanian community were honoured with the Order of the Cross of Vytis for services to the cause of restoration of the Independent State of Lithuania.

The Order of the Cross of Vytis is also awarded to the persons for exceptional courage and fortitude when defending the country’s territory, protecting the State border, for the exceptional bravery during the prevention of ecological disasters, natural disasters, accidents, for especially significant projects related to the organisation of the national defence.

Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Vytis consists of: silver cross, silver star and the sash of red moiré.

Hong Kong Customs B/S FDCs

Hong Kong Booklet Sheet FDCs
Name: Centenary of Customs and Excise Service
Date of Issue: 17 September 2009

The Preventive Service was set up on 17 September 1909 under the then Imports and Exports Department and tasked with the duties of protecting and collecting revenue on liquors. It was renamed the Customs and Excise Service in 1977 and became an independent government department in 1982. The Customs and Excise Department (C&ED) is one of the major law enforcement agencies with a staff establishment of around 5,600 responsible for combating smuggling, protecting and collecting revenue on dutiable commodities, deterring narcotics trafficking and drug abuse, safeguarding intellectual property rights and consumer interests, and protecting and facilitating legitimate trade to maintain Hong Kong's trading integrity. 2009 marks the 100th anniversary of the C&ED. Hongkong Post issues a set of four stamps to commemorate this important milestone.

Using a process printing technique, monochrome photos are juxtaposed with colour images on the stamps to spotlight the past and present of the C&ED undertaking different enforcement functions.

Denominations:
$1.40: Front-line Drug Fighter
Back in the 1960s, Preventive Service staff inspected baggage. Today, the C&ED's dog handlers team up with drug detector dogs in customs clearance and drug raids to combat narcotics trafficking and drug abuse.

$2.40: Facilitation of Trade
The monochrome photo shows the Sheung Shui Customs Station in 1935. In 2004, an advanced Mobile X-ray Vehicle Scanning System came into service. The use of sophisticated technology has contributed to more efficient customs clearance and enabled the C&ED to achieve trade facilitation at the same time.

$3: The Fight Against Smuggling
The stamp presents a comparison over time of anti-smuggling patrols in local waters. Nowadays, the C&ED's fleet of modern patrol launches and high-speed pursuit craft intercept vessels smuggling contraband in Hong Kong.

$5: Law Enforcement
The background features a photo of the Superintendent of the then Imports and Exports Department with his colleagues from the Preventive Service. Today, the C&ED is one of the primary law enforcement agencies under the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

The C&ED celebrates its centenary in 2009. The past century has witnessed the Department's significant contributions in maintaining Hong Kong's status as a free port, an international trade centre and a logistics hub in Asia.

Hong Kong Customs M/S FDC

Hong Kong Minisheet FDC
Name: Centenary of Customs and Excise Service
Date of Issue: 17 September 2009

The Preventive Service was set up on 17 September 1909 under the then Imports and Exports Department and tasked with the duties of protecting and collecting revenue on liquors. It was renamed the Customs and Excise Service in 1977 and became an independent government department in 1982. The Customs and Excise Department (C&ED) is one of the major law enforcement agencies with a staff establishment of around 5,600 responsible for combating smuggling, protecting and collecting revenue on dutiable commodities, deterring narcotics trafficking and drug abuse, safeguarding intellectual property rights and consumer interests, and protecting and facilitating legitimate trade to maintain Hong Kong's trading integrity. 2009 marks the 100th anniversary of the C&ED. Hongkong Post issues a set of four stamps to commemorate this important milestone.

Using a process printing technique, monochrome photos are juxtaposed with colour images on the stamps to spotlight the past and present of the C&ED undertaking different enforcement functions.

Denominations:
$1.40: Front-line Drug Fighter
Back in the 1960s, Preventive Service staff inspected baggage. Today, the C&ED's dog handlers team up with drug detector dogs in customs clearance and drug raids to combat narcotics trafficking and drug abuse.

$2.40: Facilitation of Trade
The monochrome photo shows the Sheung Shui Customs Station in 1935. In 2004, an advanced Mobile X-ray Vehicle Scanning System came into service. The use of sophisticated technology has contributed to more efficient customs clearance and enabled the C&ED to achieve trade facilitation at the same time.

$3: The Fight Against Smuggling
The stamp presents a comparison over time of anti-smuggling patrols in local waters. Nowadays, the C&ED's fleet of modern patrol launches and high-speed pursuit craft intercept vessels smuggling contraband in Hong Kong.

$5: Law Enforcement
The background features a photo of the Superintendent of the then Imports and Exports Department with his colleagues from the Preventive Service. Today, the C&ED is one of the primary law enforcement agencies under the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

The C&ED celebrates its centenary in 2009. The past century has witnessed the Department's significant contributions in maintaining Hong Kong's status as a free port, an international trade centre and a logistics hub in Asia.

Hong Kong Customs FDC

Hong Kong FDC
Name: Centenary of Customs and Excise Service
Date of Issue: 17 September 2009

The Preventive Service was set up on 17 September 1909 under the then Imports and Exports Department and tasked with the duties of protecting and collecting revenue on liquors. It was renamed the Customs and Excise Service in 1977 and became an independent government department in 1982. The Customs and Excise Department (C&ED) is one of the major law enforcement agencies with a staff establishment of around 5,600 responsible for combating smuggling, protecting and collecting revenue on dutiable commodities, deterring narcotics trafficking and drug abuse, safeguarding intellectual property rights and consumer interests, and protecting and facilitating legitimate trade to maintain Hong Kong's trading integrity. 2009 marks the 100th anniversary of the C&ED. Hongkong Post issues a set of four stamps to commemorate this important milestone.

Using a process printing technique, monochrome photos are juxtaposed with colour images on the stamps to spotlight the past and present of the C&ED undertaking different enforcement functions.

Denominations:
$1.40: Front-line Drug Fighter
Back in the 1960s, Preventive Service staff inspected baggage. Today, the C&ED's dog handlers team up with drug detector dogs in customs clearance and drug raids to combat narcotics trafficking and drug abuse.

$2.40: Facilitation of Trade
The monochrome photo shows the Sheung Shui Customs Station in 1935. In 2004, an advanced Mobile X-ray Vehicle Scanning System came into service. The use of sophisticated technology has contributed to more efficient customs clearance and enabled the C&ED to achieve trade facilitation at the same time.

$3: The Fight Against Smuggling
The stamp presents a comparison over time of anti-smuggling patrols in local waters. Nowadays, the C&ED's fleet of modern patrol launches and high-speed pursuit craft intercept vessels smuggling contraband in Hong Kong.

$5: Law Enforcement
The background features a photo of the Superintendent of the then Imports and Exports Department with his colleagues from the Preventive Service. Today, the C&ED is one of the primary law enforcement agencies under the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

The C&ED celebrates its centenary in 2009. The past century has witnessed the Department's significant contributions in maintaining Hong Kong's status as a free port, an international trade centre and a logistics hub in Asia.

Russia Cossacks FDC

Russia FDC
Name: History of the Russian Cossacks
Date of Issue: 15 September 2009

Since ancient times the Cossack troops to carry out the function of border guards, were the main strike forces of military campaigns in eastern and western borders of the state. Cossacks performed various diplomatic missions, served as the researchers of the Siberian and Far Eastern lands. The history of many cities of our country began with the Cossack settlements.

Denominations:
10P.: Yermak Timofeyevich
Yermak Timofeyevich (Russian: Ерма́к Тимофе́евич, also Ermak) (born between 1532 and 1542 – August 5 or 6, 1585), Cossack leader, Russian folk hero and explorer of Siberia. His exploration of Siberia marked the beginning of the expansion of Russia towards this region and its colonization. ("Timofeyevich" is his patronimic, not the last name, so in references he must be looked up as "Yermak" or "Yermak Timofeyevich"; his last name, if any, is unknown). More...

10P.: Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov (Russian: Семё́н Ива́нович Дежнё́в, commonly called Dezhnev in English; c. 1605 – 1672) was a Russian explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the Bering Strait. In 1648 he sailed from the Kolyma River on the Arctic Ocean to the Anadyr River on the Pacific. His exploit was forgotten for almost a hundred years and Vitus Bering is usually given credit for discovering the strait that bears his name. More...

10P.: Matvei Ivanovich Platov
Count Matvei Ivanovich Platov (Russian: Матвей Иванович Платов, Pribilyanskoe August 6, 1757 - Epanchitskoe (near Taganrog) January 3, 1818) was a Russian general who commanded the Don Cossacks in the Napoleonic wars. More...

Estonia Bear FDC

Estonia FDC
Name: Estonian Fauna – Brown Bear
Date of Issue: 10 September 2009

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) has lived in Estonia since very old times, the late Ice Age. As a result people came into contact with it as soon as they settled in the area and the animal has acquired an important cultural role in the Estonian folk tradition. The range of the brown bear covers the whole Eurasian continent from forest-tundra to the Mediterranean and the Himalayas in the south and in North America from the northern point of the continent to Mexico. But because of intensive human activity it has been crowded out from much of its former range and lives only in patches. The brown bear is an omnivore who also feeds on vegetable matter, such as roots, berries and mushrooms, which is often its main diet. But it can easily kill a deer or other prey. Brown bears also feed on carrion and visit waste dumps. To adapt to a period of poor food supply the brown bear dens for periods of varied lengths depending on their range. During her hibernation the female bears one to three, rarely as many as five, cubs of 300-500 grams, which grow on mother's milk enough to be able to wander around in search of food with the mother. About 5 percent of the population is hunted every year in Estonia to keep the bear population in check in order to maintain the ecological balance and prevent potential damage to apiaries.

Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs-2

Thailand FDCs
Name: Provincial Emblem (4th Series)
Date of Issue: 09 September 2009
Number: 876
Yala
Yala (Thai: ยะลา) is the southernmost province (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north-west clockwise) Songkhla, Pattani and Narathiwat. Yala is the only land-locked province in the south of Thailand. The southern part borders Kedah and Perak of Malaysia. This city has once been one of the most beautiful city in Thailand and popular city for tourism. However, after rioter movement for separate, it later became to degenerate.

The provincial seal shows a miner with simple mining tools including hoes, crowbars, and baskets. Yala was originally a mining town with tin and tungsten ores. More...Roi Et
Roi Et (Thai: ร้อยเอ็ด) is one of the provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located in the North-East of Thailand. Neighboring Provinces are (from north clockwise) Kalasin, Mukdahan, Yasothon, Sisaket, Surin and Maha Sarakham.

The provincial seal shows the shrine of the city pillar, which is located in the artificial lake Bueng Phlan Chai. The spirit of the shrine, Mahesak, is highly revered by the local people. More...Ranong
Ranong (Thai ระนอง) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the coast of the Andaman Sea. It is the province with the fewest citizens. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Chumphon, Surat Thani and Phang Nga. To the west, it also borders Kawthaung Province, Union of Myanmar.

The seal of the province shows a castle on top of a hill, to remember that King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) once visited Ranong and stayed at the Ratana Rangsan Castle on top of the Niveskiri Hill. More...Rayong
Rayong province (Thai: ระยอง) is a province (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise) Chon Buri and Chanthaburi. To the south is the Gulf of Thailand.

The seal of the province shows the island Ko Samet. The provincial tree is Alexandrian laurel (Calophyllum inophyllum). More...Ratchaburi
Ratchaburi (often shortened Rat'buri, Thai: ราชบุรี) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Pathom, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram and Phetchaburi. In the west it borders Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar.

The provincial seal shows the royal sword and the royal sandals, as the name Ratchaburi means City of the King. The name derives from the fact that King Rama I was born here. The provincial slogan is Beautiful women of Photharam, beautiful women of Baan Pong, the city of earthen jars, shadow plays at Wat Khanon, magnificent caves, floating market at Damnoen, bats, delicious Yii Sok fish. More...

2007 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (1st Series)
(Part I), (Part II), (Part III), (Part IV)
2007 Thailand Provincial Emblems Sheetlet FDCs: (1st Series)
(Part I), (Part II)
2008 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (2nd Series)
(Part I), (Part II)
2008 Thailand Provincial Emblems Sheetlet FDC (2nd Series)
2008 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (3rd Series)
(Part I), (Part II)
2009 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (4th Series)
(Part I), (Part II)

Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs-1

Thailand FDCs
Name: Provincial Emblem (4th Series)
Date of Issue: 09 September 2009
Number: 876
Phuket
Phuket (Thai: ภูเก็ต, formerly known as Tha-Laang or Talang, or Junk Ceylon in Western sources, a distortion of the Malay Tanjung Salang, i.e. "Cape Salang") is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phang Nga and Krabi, but as Phuket is an island there are no land boundaries.

The provincial seal shows a depiction of the Two Heroines Monument. This monument was buit to commemorate the heroic acts of two brave women, Thao Thepkasatree aand Thao Srisunthorn, who protected the town of Thalang from a Burmese attack. More...Maha Sarakham
Maha Sarakham (Thai: มหาสารคาม; also spelled Mahasarakham) is one of the provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located in the northeastern (Isan) region of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Kalasin, Roi Et, Surin, Buriram and Khon Kaen.

The provincial seal shows a big tree in front of big rice fields, symbolizing the richness of resources in the province. More...Mukdahan
Mukdahan (Thai: มุกดาหาร) (also Mukdaharn) is one of the north-eastern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Amnat Charoen, Yasothon, Roi Et, Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon and Nakhon Phanom. To the east it borders the Mekong River, across which lies Savannakhet Province of Laos.

The provincial seal shows the Prasart Song Nang Sathit palace, in which an opal is displayed on a tray. More...Mae Hong Son
Mae Hong Son (Thai แม่ฮ่องสอน) (also Maehongson, Mae Hong Sorn or Maehongsorn) is one of the northern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, and at the same time the westernmost. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Shan State of Myanmar, Chiang Mai and Tak. To the west it borders Kayin State and Kayah State of Myanmar again. It was formerly called Mae Rong Son (also Maerongson, Mae Rong Sorn or Maerongsorn).

The provincial seal, Rup chang nai thong nam (รูปช้างในท้องน้ำ), is a reference to the training of wild elephants to be able to take orders in battle and for various types of animal labour. More...Yasothon
Yasothon (Thai: ยโสธร) is one of the provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located in the North-East of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Mukdahan, Amnat Charoen, Ubon Ratchathani, Sisaket and Roi Et.

The seal of the province shows two mythical lions, called Singh, facing the chedi Pra A-non, in the temple Wat Maha That in the city Yasothon. In the legendary account of the founding of the city, a lion came out of the forest when the site was chosen; hence the city was called Ban Singh Tha (Thai: บ้านสิงห์ท่า), Home (of) Imposing Lion. (For facts behind the legend, and of two men called Singh, see the city's history). In the bottom of the seal is a lotus flower (Nymphaea lotus), as the lotus is both the provincial flower of the province as well as of the province Ubon Ratchathani, of which Yasothon was part until 1972. More...

2007 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (1st Series)
(Part I), (Part II), (Part III), (Part IV)
2007 Thailand Provincial Emblems Sheetlet FDCs: (1st Series)
(Part I), (Part II)
2008 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (2nd Series)
(Part I), (Part II)
2008 Thailand Provincial Emblems Sheetlet FDC (2nd Series)
2008 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (3rd Series)
(Part I), (Part II)
2009 Thailand Provincial Emblems FDCs: (4th Series)
(Part I), (Part II)

India School FDC

India FDC
Name: Sacred Heart Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chennai
Date of Issue: 09 September 2009

The progress of any nation mainly depends upon the quality of education that it imparts to its citizens. Education is the key to development and all-round prosperity.

An Irish lady named Nano Nagle from Cork, Ireland, had founded "The Congregation of Presentation Sisters" in the year 1775. She firmly believed that education was the only powerful tool which can transform society, and began her mission among the poor and underprivileged people in Ireland. From these humble beginnings the Congregation of Presentation Sisters traveled to many countries all over the world including India.

They came to Chennai (Madras) in 1842 to work for the Anglo-Indian community living in the area of Georgetown, then referred to as "Black Town" and began working in St. Ursula's Anglo-Indian School which was already in existence there.

The present Church Park land was acquired by them in the year 1904, and the foundation stone was laid in 1908 for Sacred Heart High School, Church Park. It was started as a middle school with 137 students and grew to become a private matriculation school in 1954.

The Presentation Sisters wanted to reach out to the downtrodden and marginalized society and thus Sacred Heart Tamil Medium School was born to cater to the underprivileged section of the society.

The educational philosophy of the school is to enable its students to become aware of the dignity and value of every individual and the independence of the human race. With a strong academic foundation and an equal emphasis on community development, the students of Sacred Heart are given every opportunity to learn and excel in sports and various extra-curricular activities in its sprawling complex in the heart of the city.

Above all, Sacred Heart provides its students with high ethical standards. The motto of the school is "For faith and morals". The aim of the school is to bring out the best in the students, helping them imbibe a sense of dignity and purpose in life. The signature song of the school is "Stand brave, stand true under the green and gold" (colours of the school standard).

The school owes its success to the dedication of the Presentation Sisters and the gifted teachers, who foster critical thinking in their students, promote human values and educated them for social changes.

The alumni of the institution have brought glory to their Alma Mater by achieving excellence, fame and making significant contribution worldwide as educationists, social workers, civil servants, lawyers, doctors, scientists, media persons and in fine arts.

Thailand Goddess S/S FDC

Thailand Souvenir Sheet FDC
Name: Guan Yin
Date of Issue: 09 September 2009
Number: 889

Purpose: To promote stamp collecting activities

Design: Illustrating Bodhisattva Guan Yin, Goddess of Mercy, in the Posture of Giving Blessing (Standing). According to Guan Yin book, Guan Yin Goddess has a beautiful oval-shaped face figure, complexion is fairer than the ivory-white, elegant hair is as black as dark cloud of the night, eyes are more graceful than crystal eyes, right hand holds a vast containing divine mercy holy water while left hand holds willow twig, and dress is shiny white.

Thailand Goddess FDC

Thailand FDC
Name: Guan Yin
Date of Issue: 09 September 2009
Number: 889

Purpose: To promote stamp collecting activities

Design: Illustrating Bodhisattva Guan Yin, Goddess of Mercy, in the Posture of Giving Blessing (Standing). According to Guan Yin book, Guan Yin Goddess has a beautiful oval-shaped face figure, complexion is fairer than the ivory-white, elegant hair is as black as dark cloud of the night, eyes are more graceful than crystal eyes, right hand holds a vast containing divine mercy holy water while left hand holds willow twig, and dress is shiny white.

Israel Bird ATM FDC

Israel ATM FDC
Name: Bonelli's Eagle
Date of Issue: 08 September 2009

The Bonelli's Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciata) is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. It breeds in southern Europe, Africa both north and south of the Sahara Desert and across southern Asia to Indonesia. It is usually a resident breeder which lays 1-3 eggs in a tree or crag nest.

The Bonelli's Eagle is a species of wooded, often hilly, country with some open areas. The African race prefers savannah, forest edges, cultivation, and scrub, provided there are some large trees; this is not a species of very open or densely forested habitats.

This is a small to medium - sized eagle at 55-65 cm in length. The upperparts are dark brown, and the underside is white with dark streaks. The wings are relatively short and rounded. The long tail is grey on top and white below and has a single broad black terminal band. The feet and eyes are yellow.

Recent DNA research resulted in this species being moved to the genus Aquila from Hieraaetus. More...

Israel ATM FDCs - Birds of Prey Series
22/04/2009 Lesser Kestrel
30/06/2009 Short-toed Eagle
08/09/2009 Bonelli's Eagle

Israel Virtual Communication FDC

Israel FDC
Name: Virtual Communication
Date of Issue: 08 September 2009

The Virtual Communication stamp series presents three technological breakthroughs that were developed in Israel and have become household tools throughout the world. These products embody the immense capabilities of Israel's elite technology industry and the innovativeness of Israel's software developers.

Denominations:
2.40 שח: Instant Messaging Software
Instant Messaging is a system that allows internet users to conduct computerized correspondence, with the recipient instantly receiving the sent message. Various messaging systems have been developed since the 1970's, but their capabilities were very limited.

In 1996, Israeli software developers Yair Goldfinger, Arik Vardi, Sefi Vigiser and Amnon Amir introduced an innovative system called ICQ, with the assistance of entrepreneur Yossi Vardi. For the first time, installation of this system allowed every internet user to know which of his/her friends was available to chat at any given moment and to communicate with them via instant messaging. This development led to a breakthrough in the use of this means of communication, which subsequently became extremely popular throughout the world. The technological and commercial success of the ICQ system inspired many others in the Israeli hi-tech realm.

Many further developments have been made to the Israeli instant messaging software since it originally came into use, expanding its capabilities to telephone and video calls, and similar programs currently exist around the world.

5.30 שח: USB Flash Drive
Many information storage devices have been developed over the years which were designed to allow computer users to upload them with information created on one computer and to make use of that information on other computers. However, these devices were not user friendly, as in some cases a preliminary definition process had to be executed before use, while other devices were not adaptable for use with certain types of computers.

In 1999, Dov Moran, an Israeli engineer and entrepreneur, along with his colleagues at M-Systems, invented an innovative device that could be connected to a computer quickly and easily. The device did not require a preliminary installation process and it operated using a standard connection that exists in any modern computer. It was small, reliable and enabled unlimited expansion of the scope of memory.

In addition to using the new device as a means of storing information in order to transfer data between computers, it may be uploaded with software, allowing it to operate independently, regardless of the capabilities of the computer to which it is connected.
This innovative development achieved immediate global success and gave rise to a new field of development in the computer world, becoming the standard portable computer storage device.

6.50 שח: Voice over Internet Protocol
VoIP technology enables telephone calls to be transmitted via the internet. Using the internet allows communication lines to be utilized more efficiently, greatly reducing the cost of the call.

The internet was originally designed to transfer computer data, thus a special application that would allow the transfer of telephone calls via internet had to be developed. This type of innovative software was first developed in 1995 by Alon Cohen, Lior Haramati, Ofer Shem-Tov, Elad Sion, Rami Amit, Opher Kahane and Dror Tirosh – Israeli software developers at VocalTec. The application was very successfully distributed worldwide by VocalTec, managed by promoter Dr. Elon Ganor.

Similar applications have been developed in recent years, based on the Israeli invention, changing the way the world's telephone systems currently operate.

Israel Honey FDC

Israel FDC
Name: Festivals 2009 - Honey in Israel
Date of Issue: 08 September 2009

Honey is considered to be one of the tastiest foods and, along with milk, has frequently served as an allegory for things that are good and desirable. When the Torah wished to glorify the Land of Israel, it was said to be a "Land Flowing with Milk and Honey" and the author of the Song of Songs described the beloved wife by saying "honey and milk are under your tongue".

The stamp series depicts the sweet delicacy's journey from the flower in the field to people's tables.

Bees produce honey from floral nectar that they gather and store in a special organ in their bodies called "honey stomachs". The nectar is brought to the hive and transferred among the bees, eventually reaching the hexagonal wax honeycomb cells. There, through much ventilation and aided by enzymes, the bees turn the nectar into sticky liquid honey.

A large portion of the honey collected in the hive's honeycombs is used to feed the adult bees and the larvae hatched from the eggs laid by the Queen Bee. The excess honey is collected by the human beekeeper and utilized as a healthy and nourishing food.

Jewish tradition considers the honey's sweetness to be a sign of a good future and has created a number of customs related to it. Thus, for example, some Jewish ethnic groups customarily give a child a bit of honey when he begins studying the Torah, symbolizing the sweetness of his learning. During the feast on Rosh Hashana Eve it is customary to eat a slice of challah or a piece of apple dipped in honey and to recite the blessing, "May it be Your will to favor us with a good and a sweet year".

The stamp tabs depict important milestones in the raising of honeybees in Israel.

People originally gathered honey from nature, collecting it from hives belonging to wild bees. Later, after having learned the ways of bees, people began to build hives, populate them with bees and care for them. Archeological excavations in Tel Rehov in the Beth-Shean Valley have recently unearthed beehives used in the ancient beekeeping industry dating to the period of the Israelite monarchy in the 10th-9th centuries BCE. The hives, made of elongated mud cylinders, are the only ones discovered to date in archeological excavations of the Ancient Near East. The hives were studied by Prof. Amihai Mazar and Dr. Nava Panitz-Cohen. The drawing of the hive that appears on the tab of the first stamp is based on a black and white sketch by painter Anna Yamim, which was adapted and colored by artist Tuvia Kurtz.

In 1886, Reuven Lerer, founder of the town of Ness Ziona, re-established the raising of bees among the Jewish settlers of Eretz Israel. Along with his son Moshe, he learned how to craft mobile hives consisting of wooden frames and attached honeycombs. They founded a honey farm that hosted some 200 hives at its peak. The tab of the second stamp features Moshe Lerer as he collects honey with his wife Pearl. The picture is based on a photo of the Lerer family, as adapted and colored by Tuvia Kurtz.

Today, the raising of bees constitutes an important agricultural field in Israel, providing income for hundreds of growers. Some 100,000 hives are scattered throughout Israel, producing more than 3,500 tons of honey each year. Modern hives, placed along the edges of a field of flowers, appear on the tab of the third stamp, as the beekeeper, clad in customary protective clothing, collects the honey from the hive.

China Minisheet: 2009-24

China Minisheet
Name: 11th National Games of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国第十一届运动会)
Number: 2009-24
Date of Issue: 16 October 2009
Value: 2 stamps/sheet

Denominations:
1.20元 (2-1): Emblem (会徽)
1.20元 (2-2): Mascot (吉祥物)

The 11th National Games of the PRC was held from October 16 to 28, 2009, in Shandong Province, and athletes from around the country competed in 362 events in 33 sports, more than any previous such games. Of the events, 354 were competed in Shandong, while the rest in the cities of Beijing, Shenyang and Changchun. The event coincided with the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China and the 50th anniversary of the National Games. Over the past half a century, the National Games has constantly promoted the popularization of sports among all the people of China, cultivated a great number of competitive athletes, and made tremendous contributions to the development of Chinese competitive sports.

China Stamps: 2009-24

China Stamps
Name: 11th National Games of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国第十一届运动会)
Number: 2009-24
Date of Issue: 16 October 2009
Value: 2 stamps/set

Denominations:
1.20元 (2-1): Emblem (会徽)
1.20元 (2-2): Mascot (吉祥物)

The 11th National Games of the PRC was held from October 16 to 28, 2009, in Shandong Province, and athletes from around the country competed in 362 events in 33 sports, more than any previous such games. Of the events, 354 were competed in Shandong, while the rest in the cities of Beijing, Shenyang and Changchun. The event coincided with the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China and the 50th anniversary of the National Games. Over the past half a century, the National Games has constantly promoted the popularization of sports among all the people of China, cultivated a great number of competitive athletes, and made tremendous contributions to the development of Chinese competitive sports.

Israel Health Fund FDC

Israel FDC
Name: 75 Years to the Leumit Health Fund
Date of Issue: 08 September 2009

Leumit Health Fund was founded at the height of the British Mandate period in Israel by a group of doctors whose goal was to provide medical services for local residents. The organization was founded in Dr. Yaakov Vinshal's kitchen by doctors who dreamed of an independent, high quality health fund that was accessible to all. There, in that kitchen, the concept of "Leumit" was born, seeing itself as one large family that puts the client first while providing and maintaining high quality, professional and readily available medical service. Leumit Health Fund then went through a creative transformation, focusing on personalized treatment, and by making service, caring, commitment and staff involvement the core of client care.

In 1934, when still in its infancy, the Fund had 35 insured members. Today, with 700,000 insured members who reflect a cross-section of Israeli society's ethnic and socio-economic sectors, Leumit continues to adhere to the principles of service and high quality, personal service.

Leumit provides all of the medical services defined in the National Health Insurance Law as well as additional health services at the highest level, through 340 medical centers located throughout the country and thousands of medical and service staff members.

Leumit is a leader in many aspects of supplementary medical care which is provided to its clients through supplementary insurance programs and offers medical services at the level of private care: surgery performed by the best doctors in public and private hospitals, consultations with specialists (second opinions), significant discounts on medications not included in the list of nationally subsidized medications, examinations during pregnancy, and unique insurance services, such as lifetime long-term care insurance.

Leumit's broad approach to the health field includes treatment that integrates mind and body. Leumit offers a wide range of natural treatments and healing methods: acupuncture, Alexander technique, chiropractic, homeopathy, reflexology, tai chi and more. All of these services are offered to members in conjunction with conventional medical methods.

According to the Ministry of Health's objective criteria the Fund provides the highest quality medical services available in Israel. The unique variety of services that Leumit Health Fund offers its clients, as well as the best range of medications, ensures good health and a high quality of life along with unique, efficient and considerate service.

Israel Animal Therapy FDC

Israel FDC
Name: Animal Assisted Therapy
Date of Issue: 08 September 2009

The connection between human beings and the animal kingdom is imprinted in the collective unconscious and molds our emotional world. The new field of Animal Assisted Therapy, which utilizes this connection to further human wellbeing, is rapidly growing and developing in Israel and throughout the world.

Many studies geared toward examining the unique therapeutic effect of animals (the "instrument") indicate the direct and indirect effects of this connection on a patient's emotional, social and physiological state. The integration of animals into educational, treatment and rehabilitative frameworks is accelerating.

The Emotional Realm: Animals provide people with "unconditional" love, warmth and acceptance, grant them a sense of meaning and a source of security and pride, while also strengthening their sense of ability and self-image. Animals contribute to the development of self-awareness and awareness of others and to the development of feelings of compassion and empathy. They also induce a sense of calm, reduce stress and anxiety and diminish loneliness and depression. Animals help to lessen feelings of anger, frustration and aggression and allow the fostering of self control and emotional adjustment.

The Social Realm: Animals serve in a "mediatory" capacity between the individual and his/her environment. For example, a spurned child may become the "star" of the class after presenting and teaching about an animal, thus becoming the focus of attention. Through learning and a command of body language and communication with the animal, patients also develop better sensitivity and perception in their human interactions. Holding animals may also strengthen a patient's sense of responsibility and commitment to tasks.

The Physiological Realm: Studies show that the presence and holding of furry animals reduce anxiety, blood pressure and increased heart rate. Raising pets contributes to reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks and to better recovery. People who raise pets report a lower rate of headaches, constipation, allergy attacks, backaches, flu and concentration difficulties.

The three stamps display characters interacting affectionately with animals. The stamps and their tabs express the uniqueness of Animal Assisted Therapy, which allows patients to feel needed, meaningful, worthy and capable at every point throughout the process.

Taiwan Deaflympics FDC

Taiwan FDC
Name: 21st Summer Deaflympics Taipei 2009
Date of Issue: 05 September 2009
Number: Com.315

The forerunner of the Deaflympics was the Deaf World Games, which were the first international games for athletes with a disability. In light of the Deaf World Games' scale and the special characteristics of deaf people's culture, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved the name change in May 2001. The ROC won the bid to host the 21st Summer Deaflympics Taipei 2009 from September 5 to 15, 2009. Athletes from some 80 nations will participate. To mark these games, Chunghwa Post is issuing a set of two commemorative stamps.

On the upper right corner of both stamps is the logo of the 21st Summer Deaflympics Taipei 2009. The design of the logo integrates the three major elements of the games: the Chinese character pei (which is part of the compound for Taipei), an ear (symbolizing the hearing impaired) and a person (symbolizing an athlete). The vignette of the NT$5.00-denominated stamp shows a badminton player and a runner set against a map of Taiwan and a pattern of dark and light rings suggesting sound waves. The composition conveys the idea that the 2009 Deaflympics are being held in Taipei. The NT$25.00-denominated stamp shows figures engaged in taekwondo and tennis set against a background of a stylized ear. Drawn in simple and soft lines, the stamp symbolizes the idea of "Taiwan walking out, and the world coming in." It conveys the inexhaustible vitality of Taiwan and the courage with which hearing-impaired athletes face challenges.

Russia Veliky Novgorod FDC

Russia FDC
Name: 1150th Anniversary of Veliky Novgorod
Date of Issue: 04 September 2009

Veliky Novgorod (Russian: Вели́кий Но́вгород; literally Great Novgorod) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast. It is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. Translated from Russian, its name means roughly "The Great New City" or "The Big New City". The city lies along the Volkhov River just below its outflow from Lake Ilmen. More...

The stamp on the background of birch bark placed an antique image of the Novgorod Kremlin with stylized Sophia Cathedral and the emblem of the city. More...

Russia Military Glory FDC

Russia FDC
Name: City of Military Glory
Date of Issue: 24 August 2009

City of Military Glory (Russian: «Город воинской славы») is an honorary title bestowed upon the citizenry of Russian cities, where soldiers had displayed courage and heroism during the Great Patriotic War. The award, which to date has been bestowed upon 19 cities, is similar to the Hero City title awarded during the Soviet-era, and no city has yet received both awards.

Denominations:
10p.: Belgorod
Belgorod (Белгород) was conferred the status of City of Military Glory by President Vladimir Putin on 27 April 2007. In August 1943, during the Belgorod-Kharkov operation, Soviet troops broke through the defense of the Nazi troops, liberated Belgorod and Kharkov.

10p.: Kursk
Kursk (Курск) was conferred the status of City of Military Glory by President Vladimir Putin on 27 April 2007. During the Battle of Kursk, Soviet Army had foiled last major offensive of the enemy and finally consolidated in the hands of the strategic initiative.

10p.: Oryol
Oryol (Орел) was conferred the status of City of Military Glory by President Vladimir Putin on 27 April 2007. Orel offensive operation was broken beforehand prepared deeply layered protection of the German fascist troops.

10p.: Polyarny
Polyarny (Полярный) was conferred the status of City of Military Glory by President Vladimir Putin on 5 May 2008. During the Great Patriotic War, the city was the main base of the Arctic Northern Fleet. Throughout the war the Northern Fleet carried out the operation as a submarine and surface forces, it is from here.

10p.: Rzhev
Rzhev (Ржев) was conferred the status of City of Military Glory by President Vladimir Putin on 8 October 2007. Under the walls of Rzhev in 1941-43, there was the hardest battle of all the Great Patriotic War.

Singapore Bridges JI FDC

Singapore Joint Issue FDC
Name: Bridges (Philippines - Singapore Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 28 August 2009

The Philippines and Singapore enjoy a warm bilateral relationship. Both countries also work closely together in ASEAN as well as various international and regional fora. On the economic front, the Philippines is also one of Singapore's major trading partners within ASEAN. Issued against the backdrop of the 40th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Singapore and the Philippines, this set of stamps commemorates the warm relationship between both countries.

Denominations:
1st Local: Bamban Bridge
"Bamban Bridge", crossing the Sacobia-Bamban River system, along the MacArthur Highway between Mabalacat, Pampanga and Bamban. Tarlac, is one of the modern and sleek-looking bridges in The Philippines. The bridge's arch has a span of 174 metres and contains 1,400 tons of steel. It is one of the longest bridges of its type in the world and was completed sometime around 1998.

65c: Cavenagh Bridge
"Cavenagh Bridge", built in 1868, is the oldest bridge on the Singapore River. Built to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the Crown Colony of the Straits Settlement, it was converted to a pedestrian bridge. Now, with lighting added in the 1990s to accentuate its architectural features at nightfall, it provides the most convenient pedestrian link between the cultural district at the north bank and the commercial district to the south of the Singapore River.

80c: Henderson Waves and Alexandra Arch
"Henderson Waves" and "Alexandra Arch" , both found along the Southern Ridges, were opened May 2008. Presently Singapore's highest pedestrian bridge, standing 36m above Henderson Road. Henderson Waves connects Mount Faber park to Telok Blangah Hill Park, while the smaller bridge Alexandra Arch, connects Kent Ridge Park to Telok Blangah Hill Park via the Flora Walk.

$1.10: Marcelo Fernan Bridge
"Marcelo Fernan Bridge" is an extradosed cable-stayed bridge located in Metro Cebu, Cebu in the Philippines. It spans across Mactan Channel connecting Cebu Island to Mactan Island. Opened in August 1999 to decongest the traffic from the older Mactan-Mandaue Bridge, the bridge has a total length of 1237 metres with a centre span of 185 metres. This bridge is one of the widest and longest bridge span in the Philippines, and is named after Senator Marcelo Fernan from Cebu City.

Singapore Bridges M/S FDC

Singapore Minisheet FDC
Name: Bridges (Philippines - Singapore Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 28 August 2009

This year marks the 40th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Singapore and the Philippines. To commemorate this anniversary, Singapore and the Philippines will be releasing this joint stamp issue with the theme "Bridges", which aims to illustrate the close and multifaceted ties between both countries. Chosen bridges include Henderson Waves & Alexandra Arch and Cavenagh Bridge from Singapore, as well as Bamban Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge from the Philippines.

Denominations:
1st Local: Bamban Bridge
"Bamban Bridge", crossing the Sacobia-Bamban River system, along the MacArthur Highway between Mabalacat, Pampanga and Bamban. Tarlac, is one of the modern and sleek-looking bridges in The Philippines. The bridge's arch has a span of 174 metres and contains 1,400 tons of steel. It is one of the longest bridges of its type in the world and was completed sometime around 1998.

65c: Cavenagh Bridge
"Cavenagh Bridge", built in 1868, is the oldest bridge on the Singapore River. Built to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the Crown Colony of the Straits Settlement, it was converted to a pedestrian bridge. Now, with lighting added in the 1990s to accentuate its architectural features at nightfall, it provides the most convenient pedestrian link between the cultural district at the north bank and the commercial district to the south of the Singapore River.

80c: Henderson Waves and Alexandra Arch
"Henderson Waves" and "Alexandra Arch" , both found along the Southern Ridges, were opened May 2008. Presently Singapore's highest pedestrian bridge, standing 36m above Henderson Road. Henderson Waves connects Mount Faber park to Telok Blangah Hill Park, while the smaller bridge Alexandra Arch, connects Kent Ridge Park to Telok Blangah Hill Park via the Flora Walk.

$1.10: Marcelo Fernan Bridge
"Marcelo Fernan Bridge" is an extradosed cable-stayed bridge located in Metro Cebu, Cebu in the Philippines. It spans across Mactan Channel connecting Cebu Island to Mactan Island. Opened in August 1999 to decongest the traffic from the older Mactan-Mandaue Bridge, the bridge has a total length of 1237 metres with a centre span of 185 metres. This bridge is one of the widest and longest bridge span in the Philippines, and is named after Senator Marcelo Fernan from Cebu City.

Singapore Bridges FDC

Singapore FDC
Name: Bridges (Philippines - Singapore Joint Issue)
Date of Issue: 28 August 2009

This year marks the 40th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Singapore and the Philippines. To commemorate this anniversary, Singapore and the Philippines will be releasing this joint stamp issue with the theme "Bridges", which aims to illustrate the close and multifaceted ties between both countries. Chosen bridges include Henderson Waves & Alexandra Arch and Cavenagh Bridge from Singapore, as well as Bamban Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge from the Philippines.

Denominations:
1st Local: Bamban Bridge
"Bamban Bridge", crossing the Sacobia-Bamban River system, along the MacArthur Highway between Mabalacat, Pampanga and Bamban. Tarlac, is one of the modern and sleek-looking bridges in The Philippines. The bridge's arch has a span of 174 metres and contains 1,400 tons of steel. It is one of the longest bridges of its type in the world and was completed sometime around 1998.

65c: Cavenagh Bridge
"Cavenagh Bridge", built in 1868, is the oldest bridge on the Singapore River. Built to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the Crown Colony of the Straits Settlement, it was converted to a pedestrian bridge. Now, with lighting added in the 1990s to accentuate its architectural features at nightfall, it provides the most convenient pedestrian link between the cultural district at the north bank and the commercial district to the south of the Singapore River.

80c: Henderson Waves and Alexandra Arch
"Henderson Waves" and "Alexandra Arch" , both found along the Southern Ridges, were opened May 2008. Presently Singapore's highest pedestrian bridge, standing 36m above Henderson Road. Henderson Waves connects Mount Faber park to Telok Blangah Hill Park, while the smaller bridge Alexandra Arch, connects Kent Ridge Park to Telok Blangah Hill Park via the Flora Walk.

$1.10: Marcelo Fernan Bridge
"Marcelo Fernan Bridge" is an extradosed cable-stayed bridge located in Metro Cebu, Cebu in the Philippines. It spans across Mactan Channel connecting Cebu Island to Mactan Island. Opened in August 1999 to decongest the traffic from the older Mactan-Mandaue Bridge, the bridge has a total length of 1237 metres with a centre span of 185 metres. This bridge is one of the widest and longest bridge span in the Philippines, and is named after Senator Marcelo Fernan from Cebu City.

Taiwan Folk Rhymes FDC

Taiwan FDC
Name: Children's Folk Rhymes (Continued)
Date of Issue: 26 August 2009
Number: Sp.535

Chunghwa Post previously issued three sets of stamps on children's folk rhymes on April 4,1998, April 2, 1999, and April 4, 2001; now it is following up with another set of four stamps on the subject.

Denominations:
NT$5.00: "Little Girl and Her Doll" (妹妹背著洋娃娃)
Originally named "Doll in the Garden," the stamp features a little girl carrying a doll on her back, with the background features the garden described in the song. The little birdie in the upper right corner is a fun nod to the last line of the song and is sure to bring a smile to everyone's face.

NT$5.00: "Train" (火車快飛)
In reflection of the song's theme, the stamp features a child happily riding a train. The red color is lively and fun and creates a joyous atmosphere, conveying the kid's excitement as he gets closer to home.

NT$5.00: "Thunder Shower" (西北雨)The big raindrops of the thundershower echo the name of the song. The pink lotus blossoms in the pond and the fireflies and anthropomorphic fish in the rain add layers of interest to the turquoise water.

NT$5.00: "Kingdom of Dolls" (娃娃國)
The stamp features the king and his soldier leaving their palace on horseback. The distant castle is in reference to the name of the song. The king and the soldier, on the one hand, and the castle, on the other—one in the front and one in the back, one large and one small—create a sense of rhythm for the entire composition.

Comment: Chunghwa Post issued a new pre-stamped envelope on same day, so my friend made a double-first day cover for me.

China Sheetlet: 2009-26

China Sheetlet II
Name: Military Parade on the National Day for the 60th Anniversary of the PRC (中华人民共和国成立60周年首都阅兵)
Number: 2009-26
Date of Issue: 01 October 2009
Value: 8 stamps/set

Denominations:
1.20元 (4-1): Military Phalanx (徒步方队)
October 1, 2009 marks the 60th birthday of the People's Republic of China. To celebrate this national holiday, people from all walks of life based in Beijing gathered at Tiananmen Square for a grand celebration and military parade. The bright-red flag of Chinese People's Liberation Army, escorted by the awesome PLA guard of honor, flaunted against wind, leading the generals and soldiers of the three armed services in a military review by the Party and the people. In powerful steps and a uniform manner, the valiant troops exhibited up-to-date weapons and military supplies, first-class training achievements, and an enterprising spirit, staging a fantastic and distinctive militray parade to the entire nation and the world.

1.20元 (4-2): Land Force and Second Artillery Corps Formation (陆军和二炮装备方队)
In an imposing bearing with the character of the times, formations of tanks, armored cars, self-propelled artilleries, infantry fighting vehicles, and various missiles converged into a great flow of iron and steel, making its way majestically through the broad Chang'an Avenue. The remarkably advanced arms represent the major achievements China made in the construction of a system of armed forces with Chinese characteristics. The weapons and vehicles collectively form a three-dimensional defense net that involves land, marine and air forces and much resembles a formidable Great Wall of Iron and Steel.

1.20元 (4-3): Naval Equipment Formation (海军装备方队)
Riding the waves of triumph, the formidable naval equipment formation comes from the dust of history, bearing witness to the endeavors and achievements made by the People's Navy over the past 60 years in building itself more revolutionary, standardized, and modernized. As a high-tech armed force, the People's navy has constantly reinforced the construction of a high-quality talent team, developed a variety of effective weapons, and established a three-dimensional defense network on the sea, thus demonstrating the rapid development of Chinese science and technology and the constant improvement of China's capability of safeguarding its territorial waters, particularly after the nation introduced reform and opening-up policies. The naval force has formed a maritime Great Wall, which permanently defends the coastal areas and territorial seas of the People's Republic.

1.20元 (4-4): Air Force Formation (空中梯队)
From south and north, from all directions, soldiers of the air forces arrived to meet in the national capital. The fleet of a joint formation of air forces hovered above Tiananmen Square, producing thunderous roars. Alongside the booming tanks marching on the ground, they composed a three-dimensional military array, unfolding a picture of the modernized people's army. In varying forms, different air formations showed off their respective power and charm in the sky. Over the past six decades, these guardians have loyally defended the airspace of our motherland to ensure that all the Chinese people are bathed in sunlight.

China Stamps: 2009-26

China Stamps
Name: Military Parade on the National Day for the 60th Anniversary of the PRC (中华人民共和国成立60周年首都阅兵)
Number: 2009-26
Date of Issue: 01 October 2009
Value: 4 stamps/set

Denominations:
1.20元 (4-1): Military Phalanx (徒步方队)
October 1, 2009 marks the 60th birthday of the People's Republic of China. To celebrate this national holiday, people from all walks of life based in Beijing gathered at Tiananmen Square for a grand celebration and military parade. The bright-red flag of Chinese People's Liberation Army, escorted by the awesome PLA guard of honor, flaunted against wind, leading the generals and soldiers of the three armed services in a military review by the Party and the people. In powerful steps and a uniform manner, the valiant troops exhibited up-to-date weapons and military supplies, first-class training achievements, and an enterprising spirit, staging a fantastic and distinctive militray parade to the entire nation and the world.

1.20元 (4-2): Land Force and Second Artillery Corps Formation (陆军和二炮装备方队)
In an imposing bearing with the character of the times, formations of tanks, armored cars, self-propelled artilleries, infantry fighting vehicles, and various missiles converged into a great flow of iron and steel, making its way majestically through the broad Chang'an Avenue. The remarkably advanced arms represent the major achievements China made in the construction of a system of armed forces with Chinese characteristics. The weapons and vehicles collectively form a three-dimensional defense net that involves land, marine and air forces and much resembles a formidable Great Wall of Iron and Steel.

1.20元 (4-3): Naval Equipment Formation (海军装备方队)
Riding the waves of triumph, the formidable naval equipment formation comes from the dust of history, bearing witness to the endeavors and achievements made by the People's Navy over the past 60 years in building itself more revolutionary, standardized, and modernized. As a high-tech armed force, the People's navy has constantly reinforced the construction of a high-quality talent team, developed a variety of effective weapons, and established a three-dimensional defense network on the sea, thus demonstrating the rapid development of Chinese science and technology and the constant improvement of China's capability of safeguarding its territorial waters, particularly after the nation introduced reform and opening-up policies. The naval force has formed a maritime Great Wall, which permanently defends the coastal areas and territorial seas of the People's Republic.

1.20元 (4-4): Air Force Formation (空中梯队)
From south and north, from all directions, soldiers of the air forces arrived to meet in the national capital. The fleet of a joint formation of air forces hovered above Tiananmen Square, producing thunderous roars. Alongside the booming tanks marching on the ground, they composed a three-dimensional military array, unfolding a picture of the modernized people's army. In varying forms, different air formations showed off their respective power and charm in the sky. Over the past six decades, these guardians have loyally defended the airspace of our motherland to ensure that all the Chinese people are bathed in sunlight.

China Sheetlet: 2009-25

China Sheetlet II
Name: 60th Anniversary of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国成立六十周年)
Number: 2009-25
Date of Issue: 01 October 2009
Value: 8 stamps/sheet

Denominations:
1.20元 (4-1): Founding Ceremony (开国大典)
The founding of New China was a historic decision of the Chinese people. On October 1, 1949, during the founding ceremony held on the Tiananmen Square in Beijing, Chairman Mao Zedong stood on the Tiananmen Rostrum and solemnly declared to the world the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. The founding of the PRC heralded a new era of Chinese history, in which the Chinese people enjoy equal respect, dignity and freedom and the Chinese nation stands in a brand-new imposing manner in the east of the Earth.

1.20元 (4-2): Reform and Opening-Up (改革开放)
The reform and opening-up has led the Chinese people onto the road for prosperity and affluence. On December 18, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC was held in Beijing. The session re-established the guideline of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, and decided to shift the Party's and the state's working focus to the construction of socialist modernization and implement the strategic policy of reform and opening-up.

1.20元 (4-3): The Return of Hong Kong and Macao (港澳回归)
On July 1, 1997, the handover ceremony between Chinese and British governments was held in Hong Kong, proclaiming China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the founding of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of PRC. On December 20, 1999, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. The return of Hong Kong and Macao symbolized an end to the humiliation in Chinese history, saw successful implementation of the scientific concept of "On Country, Two Systems", and erected a historic milestone in the great cause of national reunification.

1.20元 (4-4): Olympic Pageant (奥运盛典)
On August 8, 2008, the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, kicked off at the National Stadium in Beijing, with the Olympic flame ignited for the first time in China. Athletes from different countries and regions competed in a diversity of events. Eventually, China led the world in the Olympic gold medal tally with 51 golds. The Beijing Olympics fully demonstrated the unity and friendship between people of different countries around the world, showcased the sublime spirit and quality of human beings, brought additional glory to the Olympic movement, and wrote a new chapter for the peaceful development of mankind.

China Souvenir Sheet: 2009-25

China Souvenir Sheet
Name: 60th Anniversary of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国成立六十周年)
Number: 2009-25
Date of Issue: 01 October 2009

Denominations:
6元: Motherland in My Heart (祖国在我心中)

October 1, 2009 marks the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. Over the past six decades, under the guidance of the CPC, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger. Historic changes have taken place in the socialist China, and remarkable achievements have been scored, with national economic strength greatly increased, culture and education developed, science and technology advanced at a fast speed, people's lives remarkably improved, and the nation's status in the international community continuously improved. The past 60 years witnessed a development path of the PRC, along which the Chinese people overcame all difficulties and achieved glories in all aspects. It is our common wish to further national prosperity and realize great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

China Stamps: 2009-25

China Stamps
Name: 60th Anniversary of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国成立六十周年)
Number: 2009-25
Date of Issue: 01 October 2009
Value: 4 stamps/set

Denominations:
1.20元 (4-1): Founding Ceremony (开国大典)
The founding of New China was a historic decision of the Chinese people. On October 1, 1949, during the founding ceremony held on the Tiananmen Square in Beijing, Chairman Mao Zedong stood on the Tiananmen Rostrum and solemnly declared to the world the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. The founding of the PRC heralded a new era of Chinese history, in which the Chinese people enjoy equal respect, dignity and freedom and the Chinese nation stands in a brand-new imposing manner in the east of the Earth.

1.20元 (4-2): Reform and Opening-Up (改革开放)
The reform and opening-up has led the Chinese people onto the road for prosperity and affluence. On December 18, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC was held in Beijing. The session re-established the guideline of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, and decided to shift the Party's and the state's working focus to the construction of socialist modernization and implement the strategic policy of reform and opening-up.

1.20元 (4-3): The Return of Hong Kong and Macao (港澳回归)
On July 1, 1997, the handover ceremony between Chinese and British governments was held in Hong Kong, proclaiming China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the founding of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of PRC. On December 20, 1999, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. The return of Hong Kong and Macao symbolized an end to the humiliation in Chinese history, saw successful implementation of the scientific concept of "On Country, Two Systems", and erected a historic milestone in the great cause of national reunification.

1.20元 (4-4): Olympic Pageant (奥运盛典)
On August 8, 2008, the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, kicked off at the National Stadium in Beijing, with the Olympic flame ignited for the first time in China. Athletes from different countries and regions competed in a diversity of events. Eventually, China led the world in the Olympic gold medal tally with 51 golds. The Beijing Olympics fully demonstrated the unity and friendship between people of different countries around the world, showcased the sublime spirit and quality of human beings, brought additional glory to the Olympic movement, and wrote a new chapter for the peaceful development of mankind.

China Souvenir Sheet: 2009-23

China Souvenir Sheet
Name: Beijing - Hangzhou Grand Canal (京杭大运河)
Number: 2009-23
Date of Issue: 26 September 2009

Denominations:
6元: A Thousand-li Thoroughfare (千里通波)

The Beijing - Hangzhou Grand Canal, stretching 1,794 kilometers from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south, is the longest manmade water course in the world. It passes through Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, connecting the Haihe, Huanghe (Yellow), Huaihe, Changjiang (Yangtze), and Qiantang Rivers. Since its construction, the canal has played an important role in shipping, irrigation, flood control, drainage, and the interflow of commodities, and has promoted cultural exchange as well. The Zhenguosi Pagoda, in the canal's Gaoyou Section, is one of the representatives for the extensive promotion of Buddhist culture. First built in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907), the pagoda originally stood on the bank of the canal, and when the canal was extended in 1956, a 100-meter-diameter earthen islet was erected to surround and defend the pagoda, making it the only islet-based Buddhist pagoda along the Grand Canal.